摘要
党的二十大报告特别强调加强重点领域安全能力建设,确保粮食、能源资源、重要产业链供应链安全。粮食、能源、矿产等初级产品是整个经济最为基础的部分,处于社会生产体系的前端,为整个经济社会的运行及人类的生存发展提供基础支撑。初级产品供给的基本特征是总量有限,同时总量紧平衡与结构不平衡并存,且极易受国际环境影响,具有高度稀缺性、战略敏感性等特征。除自然灾害造成的客观风险外,全球初级产品供给政治化、武器化、意识形态化趋势明显,人为限供断供风险上升,国际社会不仅面临技术民族主义,也面临资源民族主义。总体看,中国初级产业供给存在进口来源高度集中,外交关系复杂;地理条件约束强,运输线路单一;人民币国际支付低,支付结算风险高;缺乏定价权,价格波动传导风险大等问题。在大变局下,要加快推进初级产品供给安全体系和能力现代化,需要稳定与供给关键国家的外交关系,确保进口多元化战略;切实提升中国初级产品价格影响力;不断提高初级产品的战略储备和商业储备;积极主动参与全球初级产品安全治理,从而全面增强中国初级产品供给的安全性与稳定性。
The report of the 20th National Congress of the CPC emphasizes the importance of strengthening security capabilities in key areas,particularly to ensure the safety of food,energy resources,and critical in⁃dustrial and supply chains.Primary products such as food,energy,and minerals are fundamental compo⁃nents of the economy,lying at the forefront of the social production system,providing essential support for the functioning of the economy and the survival and development of humanity.The basic characteristics of primary product supply include a limited total volume,with a coexistence of tight balance in total volume and structural imbalances.They are highly susceptible to international environmental influences,marked by significant scarcity and strategic sensitivity.Beyond objective risks caused by natural disasters,there is a noticeable trend of the politicization,weaponization,and ideologization of global primary product supply,with increasing risks of artificially limited or disrupted supply.The international community faces not only technological nationalism but also resource nationalism.Overall,China's primary product supply is charac⁃terized by a high concentration of import sources,complex diplomatic relations,strong geographical con⁃straints with single transport routes,low international payments in RMB,high payment and settlement risks,lack of pricing power,and significant risks in price transmission due to volatility.In the face of these major changes,China needs to accelerate the modernization of its primary product supply security system and capabilities by stabilizing diplomatic relations with key supply countries,ensuring a strategy of import diversification,effectively enhancing China's influence on primary product pricing.It should also continu⁃ously improve the strategic and commercial reserves of primary products,and actively participate in global governance of primary product security.These measures will comprehensively enhance the security and sta⁃bility of China's primary product supply.
作者
赵磊
ZHAO Lei(Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C.(National Academy of Governance),Beijing 100091,China)
出处
《太平洋学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期29-46,共18页
Pacific Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金哲学社会科学领军人才项目“国家安全学与总体国家安全观研究”(22VRC047)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
初级产品
供给安全
全球结构
保障现状
战略谋划
primary products
supply security
global structure
current security status
strategic planning
