摘要
在世界经济格局深刻调整的背景下,对世界贸易组织(WTO)实行现代化改革已成为国际共识。作为多边贸易体制的创始成员和新兴经济体代表,巴西参与WTO改革的角色备受关注。国家角色通常是由在决策者的角色认知及体系内其他行为体的角色期望共同塑造的。从WTO既往的改革历程来看,巴西决策者形成了较为稳定的领导者认知,其余成员也希望利用巴西的大国效应推动改革向有利于自身的方向发展。然而,成员间的利益分歧引发了角色冲突,为巴西的大国追求设置了障碍。在维护外交密度与贸易网络的需求驱使下,巴西化解角色冲突的方式具有较强的中间性与妥协性,最终导致改革主要推动方的力量对比趋于平衡,激化了多边贸易治理的话语权之争。当前,拉丁美洲一体化与战略自主发展的新形势为巴西积极应对角色冲突、弥合各方分歧注入了新动能,也为中国与巴西加强在多边机制下交流、共同推动WTO改革取得实质性进展提供了历史新机遇。
Amidst significant shifts in the global economic landscape,reforming and modernizing the World Trade Organization(WTO)has become a pressing international priority.As both a founding member of the multilateral trading system and a prominent emerging economy,Brazil’s role in WTO reform has attracted considerable attention.National roles are shaped by policymakers’self-perceptions and the expectations of other international actors.The history of WTO reform demonstrates that Brazil has cultivated a consistent self-perception as a leader,while other WTO members have sought to leverage Brazil’s influence to advance their own reform agendas.However,this dynamic has generated role conflict,as divergent interests between developed and developing countries have hindered Brazil’s pursuit of greater global power.Driven by its need to maintain strong diplomatic and trade relations,Brazil has adopted an intermediate and compromising approach to navigating this role conflict.This approach has ultimately contributed to a balance of power among the main reform actors while also fostering a degree of fragmentation.The evolving context of Latin American integration and strategic autonomy presents Brazil with a renewed impetus to actively address this role conflict and mediate differences among WTO members.This situation also offers a timely opportunity for China and Brazil to strengthen collaboration within multilateral mechanisms,potentially leading to substantial progress in WTO reform.
作者
张思汇
Zhang Sihui(Institute of International Relations,China Foreign Affairs University)
出处
《区域国别学刊》
2024年第5期92-108,158,159,共19页
COUNTRY AND AREA STUDIES
