摘要
为监测和防控草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda,采用叶碟法和半田间模拟选择法分别测定该害虫对玉米与5种非禾本科作物的取食选择性和产卵选择性,室内测定取食不同作物后草地贪夜蛾的生长发育、存活率和繁殖力,采用种群增长趋势指数评价寄主适合度,进一步通过田间试验验证其寄主选择性。结果表明:在有玉米可选择条件下,草地贪夜蛾幼虫对玉米的取食选择率最高,其次是花生和甘蓝;在无玉米可选择条件下,草地贪夜蛾对花生和甘蓝的取食选择率最高,但不论有无玉米可选择条件下,草地贪夜蛾对茄子和香蕉的取食选择率均最低,并随时间延长而降低,甚至不取食,表现明显的拒食。在有玉米可选择条件下,5 d内12对成虫在玉米上的产卵量最高,为2452.50粒,分别是在花生、甘蓝和豇豆上的6.29倍、5.79倍和11.43倍,未在茄子和香蕉上产卵,在纱网上的产卵量达468.25粒;在无玉米可选择条件下,在纱网的产卵量高达1812.50粒,显著高于在非禾本科作物上的产卵量,预示该害虫在嗜食寄主缺乏或饱和受害时具有优先向周围环境扩散的习性而非在不适宜寄主上产卵。相较于玉米,取食5种供试作物的草地贪夜蛾发育迟缓,存活率下降,其中取食花生、甘蓝和豇豆的可以完成生活史,适合度分别为0.46、0.07和0.04,但取食茄子和香蕉的不能完成生活史;田间小区试验结果证实该害虫对不同寄主的选择性与适应性有差异。表明该害虫对花生的为害风险大,对甘蓝和豇豆的为害风险小,为害茄子或香蕉的风险极小。
To the monitor and control fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda,feeding and oviposition preferences were tested on maize and five non-gramineous crops using leaf disc and half field simulated selection methods.The development,survival rate,and fecundity of S.frugiperda fed on these crops were determined under indoor conditions,and the fitness of the pest on various plants were evaluated using the population growth trend index.Host selectivity was further verified through field plot experiments.The results showed that S.frugiperda had the highest feeding choice rate for maize,followed by peanut and cabbage when maize was available.Without maize,peanut and cabbage had higher feeding choice rates than other plants.The feeding choice rate for eggplant and banana was the lowest,regardless of maize presence,and decreased over time,with the pest eventually avoiding these plants.The pest exhibited deterrence to eggplant and banana.In terms of oviposition preference with maize available,S.frugiperda laid 2452.50 eggs on maize,which was 6.29,5.79,and 11.43 times more than on peanut,cabbage,and cowpea,respectively,over a five-day oviposition period of by 12 pairs of adults.Notably,468.25 eggs were laid on mesh rather than on eggplant and banana.Without maize,1812.50 eggs were laid on mesh,significantly higher than on any of the five non-gramineous crops.It suggests that S.frugiperda may spread to the environment instead of laying eggs on non-preferable host plants when preferred hosts are absent or saturated.Spodoptera frugiperda fed on non-gramineous crops exhibited development retardation and lower survival rate compared to those fed on maize.Spodoptera frugiperda could complete its life cycle on peanut,cabbage,and cowpea,but with relative fitness values of only 0.46,0.07,and 0.04,respectively,compared to the population growth trend index on maize.However,it could not complete its life cycle on eggplant and banana.Field plot experiments confirmed significant differences in host selectivity and adaptability on various crops.In conclusion,S.frugiperda poses a severe risk of damage to peanut,a small risk to cabbage and cowpea,and is highly unlikely to damage eggplant or banana.
作者
邱良妙
刘其全
陈秀琴
卢学松
刘必炮
Qiu Liangmiao;Liu Qiquan;Chen Xiuqin;Lu Xuesong;Liu Bipao(Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,Fujian Province,China)
出处
《植物保护学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第4期918-927,共10页
Journal of Plant Protection
基金
福建省自然科学基金(2022J01459)
福建省“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021011)
福建省农业科学院科技创新团队(CXTD2021002-1)
福建省公益类基本科研专项(2021R1024008)。
