摘要
公共数据授权运营具有推动公共数据流通利用、优化数据要素市场资源配置的双重功能。出于把控数据安全风险与获取数据开发利益等因素,政府部门在制定涉及公共数据市场化运营的政策措施时,可能包含排除、限制竞争的条文。具言之,在主体层,公共数据运营主体存有被政府指定授权的倾向;在内容层,公共数据授权运营协议内容尚未充分体现竞争中立原则的要求;在监管层,政府部门对公共数据授权运营的自我审查不到位,导致监管效力不足,因此需通过公平竞争审查评估、修正、监督、规范政府行政行为。首先,在主体层,为保证各类市场主体参与公共数据授权运营的公平性,应调整选择公共数据运营主体的方式,降低在公平竞争审查背景下政府部门决策并指定运营主体的频率;其次,在内容层,应通过优化公共数据授权运营政策措施的内容,明确国资性质企业与民营性质企业在我国经济制度中的平等地位,将竞争中立原则作为公平竞争审查运用于公共数据授权运营中的核心准则;最后,在审查监督层,为实现公共数据授权运营的社会效益,应健全公平竞争审查内部法律适用与竞争效果衔接的机制,同时构建自我审查与第三方监督协同并进的审查制度,以提高社会整体福利。
Public data authorized operation has the dual functions of promoting the circulation and utilization of public data and optimizing the allocation of data elements market resources.Due to factors such as controlling data security risks and obtaining data development benefits,the government and its relevant departments may have provisions to exclude and restrict competition when formulating policies and measures involving the market-oriented operation of public data.Specifically speaking,on the main body level,public data operators tend to be authorized by the government;at the content level,the content of the public data authorized operation agreement has not yet reflected the requirements of the principle of"competitive neutrality";and at the regulatory level,the"self-examination"of the public data authorized operation agreement by the government and its relevant departments is not in place,resulting in insufficient regulatory effectiveness,so it is necessary to evaluate,amend,supervise and standardize government administrative actions through fair competition review.First,at the main body level,in order to ensure the fairness of various market entities participating in public data authorized operation,the way of selecting public data operation entities should be adjusted,and the frequency of decision-making and designation of operation entities by the government and relevant departments should be reduced in the context of fair competition review;second,at the content level,by optimizing the content of public data authorized operation policies and measures,it is clear that the status of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises in China's economic system is equal,and the principle of"competitive neutrality"is emphasized and adhered to as the core criterion of applying fair competition review to public data authorized operation;and finally,at the level of review and supervision,in order to realize the social benefits of public data authorization operation,the mechanism of connecting the internal law application and competition effect of fair competition review can be perfected,and the review system of self-review and third-party review can be built in concert to improve the welfare of the society as a whole.
作者
许茂恒
XU Mao-heng(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)
出处
《中国流通经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第10期115-127,共13页
China Business and Market
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目“应对数字市场反垄断制度变革的中国方案研究”(19CFX075)。
关键词
公共数据
授权运营
公平竞争
政策措施
public data
authorized operation
fair competition
policy measure
