摘要
Recently,observational hints for supermassive black holes have been accumulating,prompting the question:Can primordial black holes(PBHs)be supermassive,particularly with masses M■10^(9)M_(⊙)?A supercritical bubble,containing an inflating baby universe,that nucleated during inflation can evolve into a PBH in our observable universe.We find that when the inflaton slowly transitions past a neighboring vacuum,the nucleation rate of supercritical bubbles inevitably peaks,leading to a mass distribution of multiverse PBHs with a peak mass up to M■10^(11)M_(⊙).Thus,our mechanism naturally provides a primordial origin for supermassive black holes.
基金
supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant No.12075246)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant No.E2EG6602X2 and grant No.E2ET0209X2)
supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province and Zhengzhou University(grant Nos.242300420231,JC23149007,35220136)
the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant No.2021M692942)
the NSFC(grant No.11905224)
the NSFC(grant No,12147103)
supported by the scientific research starting grants from University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.118900M061)。
