摘要
企业工业机器人应用在对就业结构和工资水平产生冲击的同时,也影响着员工健康。本文基于Grossman健康需求理论分析了企业工业机器人应用影响员工健康的内在机理,并以2018年中国企业—劳动力匹配调查数据为基础,从企业工业机器人应用情况入手,考察了制造业部门员工健康所受到的影响。研究发现,企业工业机器人应用将会改善员工健康。异质性结果显示,从企业异质性来看,大型企业和非国有企业工业机器人应用对员工健康的改善效应更明显;从年龄异质性来看,企业工业机器人应用对中年员工健康的改善效应更明显;从时期异质性来看,企业工业机器人应用的长期健康效应更大。机制分析表明,企业工业机器人应用通过降低工作强度和工作难度、增进员工健康福利和提升工资收入水平,改善员工健康。本文的结论为坚定工业机器人等新技术应用的积极态度,推进通过技术创新优化工作环境,进而改善员工健康水平,延长员工工作寿命,积极推进健康中国建设提供了微观证据和政策启示。
Advancing the construction of Healthy China serves as a crucial foundation for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and substantially realizing socialist modernization.While there is widespread concern about the impact of industrial robots on labor market employment and wages,relatively few studies have extended their focus,grounded in China’s economic and social context,to investigate the effects of industrial robots on workers’health and overall population welfare.This paper firstly analyzes the mechanisms underlying the influence of the application of industrial robots in enterprises on employee's health,based on the Grossman model of health demand,from three aspects:reduced workload and work difficulty,enhanced employee’s health benefits,and increased wage and income levels.Drawing on data from the 2018 China Employer‑Employee Survey(CEES),the study delves into the impact on employee’s specifically within the manufacturing sector,focusing directly on the application of industrial robots in enterprises.The findings reveal that the application of industrial robots in enterprises improves employee’s health.Heterogeneity analysis shows that this improvement is more pronounced in large enterprises and non‑state‑owned enterprises by enterprise type,among middle‑aged workers by age group,and over the long term by time horizon.Mechanism analysis indicates that the improvement stems from reduced workload and work difficulty,enhanced employee’s health benefits,and higher wage and income levels.In terms of research perspective,this research differs from previous studies that broadly examined the impact of industrial robots on the entire labor market or industry by focusing on incumbent workers who maintain employment in manufacturing sector under the application of industrial robots.This targeted group enables a more direct and in‑depth exploration of the direct health effects of industrial robots on workers.In terms of mechanism analysis,this paper innovatively applies the Grossman model of health demand as a theoretical framework,constructing a mechanism for how the application of industrial robots in enterprises affects employee’s health.It systematically explores how this adoption influences employee’s health by altering workload,work difficulty,health benefits,and wage and income levels.In terms of data utilization,the CEES data ensures the specificity and accuracy of research data,directly reflecting the impact of industrial robots on employee’s health in the manufacturing sector.By focusing on the application of industrial robots at the enterprise level,it avoids the potential ambiguity of measuring industrial robot adoption through city‑level penetration rates,thereby providing a more precise analysis of the robotic impact on employee.
作者
蔚金霞
高文书
YU Jin-xia;GAO Wen-shu(School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)
出处
《东北财经大学学报》
2024年第5期49-61,共13页
Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
基金
中国社会科学院国情调研重大项目“高校毕业生和农民工就业研究”(GQZD2021009)
中国社会科学院大学研究生科研创新支持计划项目“工业机器人、培训投资与提前退休”(2023-KY-53)。
关键词
企业工业机器人应用
员工健康
工作强度
健康中国建设
application of industrial robots in enterprises
employee’s health
work intensity
Healthy China initiative
