摘要
产品转换升级既是出口企业应对外部市场冲击的理性选择,也是推动外贸稳规模优结构目标实现的重要保障。本文从硬件数字要素投入和软件数字要素投入双重视角构建企业数字化水平的衡量指标,考察数字化对出口产品转换行为的影响效应及作用逻辑。研究发现,数字要素投入越多的企业越倾向于调整出口产品种类,且在三种互斥的产品转换模式中,数字化促使企业选择“淘汰旧产品的同时增加新产品”的转换策略,但该影响仍以提高新增产品率为主,最终导致出口产品范围呈多元化演进态势。机制分析表明,数字化主要通过生产层面(创新驱动和生产率优化提升)与交易层面(出口信息成本削减)强化企业产品转换倾向,但对于转换模式与产品范围,上述三条渠道发挥了不同的作用。进一步研究发现,数字化通过产品转换推动企业出口产品向差异化、高技术密集度和低替代弹性方向迭代升级,且不同类型数字要素投入的作用效果存在显著差异:ICT产品的促进效果强于机器人设备,邮电通信的促进效果强于信息技术服务。本文完善了数字化助力企业摆脱“低端锁定”的逻辑链条,凸显了数字化在进出口促稳提质目标工作中的“稳定器”和“加速器”作用,为中国外贸稳定健康发展提供了理论参考。
Product switching is not only a rational strategy for export enterprises to deal with external market shocks but also an important guarantee for achieving the goals of stabilizing the scale and optimizing the structure of foreign trade.This is particularly critical for China,which is transitioning from traditional to new growth drivers.Multi-product export enterprises are crucial for stabilizing and innovating trade development,as their capacity for product switching and the direction of their transformation directly impact trade structure optimization and quality enhancement.Moreover,the deep integration of digital technologies has revolutionized trade interactions,steering trade towards paperless,virtual,and digital forms,which accelerates changes in production methods,business models,and resource endowments,thereby altering both the internal and external environments that export enterprises encounter and reshaping their product switching and upgrading capabilities.Despite this,existing research has yet to fully address these dynamics.In this context,this study focuses on export enterprises in China from 2011 to 2016 and constructs measurement indicators for digitalization from both hardware and software digital input perspectives.The study aims to reveal the effects and underlying mechanisms of digitalization on the product switching tendencies and strategies of export enterprises.Additionally,it explores how product switching induced by digitalization reshapes the evolution direction of export products.The data used in this study is primarily from the National Tax Survey Database and Customs Database.The main findings are as follows:Digitalization significantly increases the propensity of export enterprises to switch products.Among three product switching strategies,digitalization drives enterprises to introduce new products while phasing out old ones,which ultimately leads to an expansion in the variety of export products.②Mechanism analysis reveals that digitalization enhances enterprises'product switching capabilities through improvement at the production level(such as innovation and productivity optimization)and the transaction level(such as reduced export information costs).However,these three mechanisms have varying effects on transformation models and the range of export products.③In terms of the product switching direction,digitalization facilitates a shift towards higher product differentiation,increased technology intensity,and lower substitutability,thus promoting the upgrading of export product structures.@Detailed analysis of digital input types shows that investment in digital hardware is more effective in boosting product switching tendencies.In contrast,investment in digital software is more influential in increasing the technology intensity and differentiation of export products while decreasing their substitutability.Additionally,the impact of ICT products is greater than that of robotic equipment and the benefits of postal and telecommunications services exceed those of information technology services.The results differentiated by trade method indicate that digitalization more significantly facilitates the evolution of export products in general trade enterprises towards higher technology intensity and lower substitution elasticity.This study enhances the understanding of how digitalization helps enterprises escape the“low-end trap”by clarifying the logical chain of this process.It highlights the role of digitalization as both a“stabilizer”and an“accelerator”in achieving the goals of stabilizing and improving the quality of import and export activities.The findings provide theoretical insights for ensuring the stable and healthy development of China's foreign trade and offer a new perspective and additional reference for more scientifically and objectively assessing enterprise digitalization.
作者
盛斌
刘宇英
SHENG Bin;LIU Yu-ying(School of Economics,Nankai University;Business School,Nanjing Normal University)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第8期61-79,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家自然科学基金应急管理项目“风险叠加背景下国际贸易新特征与理论框架”(批准号BEYO10132)。
关键词
数字化
出口产品转换
差异化
技术密集度
digitalization
export product switching
differentiating
technology intensity
