摘要
以工厂化种植杏鲍菇为对照,检测覆土种植不同采收期杏鲍菇的蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等营养成分和种植前后土壤养分含量,根据覆土种植投入产出计算效益,探讨冬闲田杏鲍菇覆土种植-菌渣还田-粮食/水果/蔬菜轮作种植模式的可行性。结果表明,不同采收期覆土种植杏鲍菇鲜品子实体蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸等含量均高于工厂化种植,采收期对覆土种植杏鲍菇蛋白质含量影响较大,成熟初期含量最高,达4.19 g/100 g,是成熟期的1.3倍、孢子释放期的1.6倍、工厂化种植的1.9倍。覆土种植杏鲍菇必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量均高于工厂化种植,E/T值接近FAO/WHO提出的优质蛋白质氨基酸组成值。菌渣还田后土壤有机质含量提高了116%,杏鲍菇从覆土到采收完毕共34 d,生物转化率可达136%,投入产出比达1:1.8。冬闲田覆土种植杏鲍菇子实体营养丰富,味道鲜美,经济效益好,菌渣还田可提高土壤有机质含量,适合在南方水稻主产区、荔枝等果园的林下冬春季推广应用。
The nutritional composition(protein,amino acids,fat,etc.)of soil-covering cultivation and factory-cultivated Pleurotus eryngii,as well as the nutrient content of the soil before and after cultivation,were compared.The feasibility of soil-covering cultivation-P.eryngii residue return-food/fruit/vegetable rotation planting model in winter fallow fields was explored by calculating the input-output efficiency of soil-covering cultivation.The results showed that the content of protein,fat,amino acids,etc.in the fresh fruiting bodies of soil-covering cultivation P.eryngiis was higher than that of factory-cultivated.The protein content of P.eryngii at different maturity stages was different,with the highest content in the early stage of maturity,reaching 4.19 g/100 g,which was 1.3 times that of the mature stage,1.6 times that of the spore release stage,and 1.9 times that of the factory-cultivated.The content of essential amino acids and flavoring amino acids in soil-covering cultivation P.eryngii was also higher than that in factory-cultivated,and the E/T value was close to the high-quality protein amino acid composition value proposed by FAO/WHO.After returning mushroom residue to the soil,the soil organic matter content was increased by 116%.The biological conversion rate of soil-covering cultivation was 136%,and the input-output ratio was 1:1.8.Soil-covering cultivation P.eryngii cultivated in winter fallow fields are rich in nutrients,have a delicious taste,and have good economic benefits.Returning mushroom residue to the soil can increase the soil organic matter content and is suitable for promotion and application in winter and spring in the main rice-producing areas in the south.
作者
肖自添
何焕清
彭洋洋
刘明
邱远辉
徐江
王剑豪
XIAO Zitian;HE Huanqing;PENG Yangyang;LIU Ming;QIU Yuanhui;XU Jiang;WANG Jianhao(Vegetables Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Guangdong Vegetables New Technology,Guangzhou 510640)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2024年第28期30-36,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
广州市科技计划重点研发课题“梅州地区食用菌低碳优质生产关键技术研究与示范”(2023B03J1269)
广州市科技计划重点研发课题“基于物联网的食用菌栽培环境调控传感器关键技术研发与应用”(2024B03J1372)。
关键词
杏鲍菇
冬闲田
营养成分
经济效益
轮作
覆土种植
轮作种植模式
Pleurotus eryngii
winter fallow field
nutrition composition
economic benefits
crop rotation
cover soil planting
crop rotation model
