摘要
《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉合同编通则若干问题的解释》第12条对报批义务条款进行解释,但关于报批义务的性质、违反报批义务的责任及如何承担等的疑问仍未消减,尚需解释论进行问题澄清和空白填补。未报批合同处于合同成立与生效之间的特殊地带,但报批义务已独立生效,义务人不履行该义务应承担违约责任。当违反报批义务致使合同未生效时,应区分该义务是否具备继续履行的条件考量救济方式。违反报批义务但合同能继续履行的,救济方式应为继续履行和赔偿报批义务履行前的直接损失;违反报批义务且合同不能继续履行的,应当扩张违反该义务的违约责任,损失计算延及合同其他未履行部分。该种赔偿请求是基于违反报批义务产生的损失,而非缔约过失。这既有实证考量,亦有法学方法的论证。
Article 12 of Interpretation by the Supreme People s Court of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Title One General Provisions of Book Three Contracts of the Civil Code of the People s Republic of China explains the provisions of the obligation to submit for approval,but the doubts about the nature of the obligation to submit for approval,the liability for violating the obligation to submit for approval and how to bear it are still unresolved,which need to clarify issues and fill in gaps by the interpretation theory.The contract not submitted for approval is in the special zone between the establishment and effectiveness of the contract,but the obligation to submit for approval has been independently effective,and the obligor shall bear the liability for breach of contract if they fail to fulfill the obligation.If the contract is not effective due to the violation of the approval obligation,the remedies should be considered according to whether the obligation has the conditions for continued performance:If the approval obligation is violated but can continue to perform,the remedies are continued performance and compensation for the direct losses before the performance of the approval obligation;if the applicant violates the approval obligation and cannot continue to perform,the liability for breach of contract obligation shall be extended,and the loss calculation shall extend to other unperformed parts of the contract.Such claims are based on losses arising from the breach of the approval obligation,rather than on contractual negligence.This has both empirical considerations and legal methods.
作者
金荣婧
JIN Rongjing(School of Marxism,Yunnan Arts University,Kunming 650500,Yunnan,China)
出处
《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第6期97-109,共13页
Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
云南省哲学社会科学艺术学青年项目“艺术品交易保障机制研究”(A2021QZ20)。
关键词
《民法典》
报批义务
违约责任区分配置
Civil Code
obligation to submit approval
separately configured liability for breach of contract
