摘要
目的:分析2010—2019年全国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和风疹的流行病学特征,以期为疾病的管理和控制提供依据。方法:利用中国疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科学数据中心收集2010—2019年全国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和风疹的发病数据,描述性分析3种疾病的发病率和发病特征。结果:麻疹报告发病率在2012年年底开始反弹并于2014年到达高峰,2014年报告发病率为3.88/10万,较2013年上升90%,2015年后逐年下降。流行性腮腺炎在2011年和2012年高发,报告发病率分别为33.89/10万和35.59/10万,2012—2016年报告病率呈下降趋势,2017—2019年又开始持续上升。风疹报告发病率从2010年开始逐年降低,并于2017年达到历史最低水平,但在2018年后发病率显著回升并于2019年再次达到高峰。总体来看我国西部地区3种疾病的报告发病率要高于东部和中部地区。从年龄分布来看,麻疹和风疹病例中1岁以下儿童占比最高,均超过50%,流行性腮腺炎病例以2岁以上儿童为主。结论:2010—2019年我国麻疹、流行性腮腺炎和风疹疾病得到了有效地控制,但仍有未接种或仅接种一剂疫苗的适龄儿童存在,建议3种疾病联合防治的同时,各地区需因地制宜,制定科学合理的政策,继续加强免疫接种覆盖率;根据疾病的年龄分布情况,建议继续维持适龄儿童2剂次的预防接种方案,加强免疫接种覆盖率。同时可考虑为5~9岁儿童补充接种含流行性腮腺炎成分的疫苗,以减少学校聚集性疫情的发生。
OBJECTIVE To compare and analyze the epidemiological features of measles,mumps and rubella in China from 2010 to 2019.METHODS The incidence data of the three diseases were collected by The Data Center of China Public Health Science,the incidence and features of the three diseases were descriptively analyzed.RESULTS The reported incidence of measles began to rebound at the end of 2012 and reached a peak in 2014,with the reported incidence of 3.88/105,an increase of 90%compared with 2013,and a decrease year by year after 2015.The prevalence of mumps was high in 2011 and 2012,with the reported incidence of 33.89/105 and 35.59/105,respectively.The incidence of mumps showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2016,and then a steady rise from 2017 to 2019.The reported incidence of rubella decreased year by year from 2010 and reached its lowest level in 2017,but the incidence recovered significantly after 2018 and peaked again in 2019.In general,the reported incidence of the three diseases in western region was higher than that in eastern and central regions.In terms of age distribution,measles and rubella cases under the age of 1 year accounted for the highest proportion,more than 50%,and mumps cases were mainly in children over 2 years old.CONCLUSION Measles,mumps and rubella diseases have been effectively controlled in China,but there are still children of appropriate age who have not received or only received one dose of vaccine.It is suggested that while joint prevention and treatment of the three diseases,provinces and cities should formulate scientific and reasonable policies according to local conditions and continue to strengthen immunization coverage.According to the age distribution of the disease,it is recommended to continue to maintain the 2-dose vaccination program for children of appropriate age to enhance immunization coverage.At the same time,the vaccination of children aged 5~9 years with mumps components to reduce the occurrence of clusters of outbreaks in schools.
作者
杨琪
王红艳
曹俊
陈杨
韩雨欣
李燕
Yang Qi;Wang Hongyan;Cao Jun;Chen Yang;Han Yuxin;Li Yan(Sichuan Nursing Vocational College,Chengdu,Sichuan,610100,China)
出处
《中国初级卫生保健》
2024年第11期56-60,共5页
Chinese Primary Health Care
