摘要
本试验旨在研究棉渣生物饲料对育肥牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数、血液指标及瘤胃和直肠菌群结构的影响。选择60头体重(306.71±2.69)kg的安格斯肉牛,随机分成3组,每组20头牛。对照组(CK组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂用棉渣生物饲料代替基础饲粮中30%(H组)和45%(S组)玉米青贮的试验饲粮。预试期15 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)H组的平均日干物质采食量显著高于CK组和S组(P<0.05)。S组的平均日增重显著低于CK组和H组(P<0.05),料重比显著高于CK组和H组(P<0.05)。2)CK组的瘤胃pH和氨态氮含量显著低于H组(P<0.05)。S组的瘤胃乙酸含量显著低于CK组和H组(P<0.05),H组的瘤胃丙酸含量显著高于CK组和S组(P<0.05);H组和S组的瘤胃乙酸/丙酸显著低于CK组(P<0.05),且S组显著低于H组(P<0.05)。3)CK组的血液白细胞计数、谷草转氨酶活性及白蛋白、甘油三酯含量显著低于S组(P<0.05)。H组和S组的血液尿素氮含量显著高于CK组(P<0.05),且S组显著高于H组(P<0.05)。H组的血液羟丁酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶活性显著低于S组(P<0.05)。H组的血液葡萄糖含量显著高于CK组和S组(P<0.05)。4)在门水平上,3组的瘤胃和直肠优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)。在属水平上,CK组的瘤胃优势菌属为普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、毛螺菌科-NK3A20群(Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group)和理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group),H组的瘤胃优势菌属是链球菌属(Streptococcus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和Prevotella,S组的瘤胃优势菌属是乳酸球菌属(Lactococcus)、魏斯氏菌属(Weissella)和Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group;CK组的直肠优势菌属是罗姆布茨菌属(Romboutsia)、苏黎世杆菌属(Turicibacter)和狭义梭菌属1(Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1),H组的直肠优势菌属是肠球菌属(Enterococcus)、Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1和Romboutsia,S组的直肠优势菌属是Enterococcus、Turicibacter和Romboutsia。由此可见,用棉渣生物饲料代替基础饲粮中30%玉米青贮有利于育肥牛生长,可降低应激敏感性和酸中毒,改变瘤胃和直菌群属水平结构。
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of cotton residue biofeed on growth performance,rumen fermentation parameters,blood indices and rumen and rectal flora structure of fattening cattle.Sixty Angus beef cattle weighing(306.71±2.69)kg were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 cattle in each group.Cattle in the control group(CK group)were fed a basal diet,and others in experimental groups were fed the experimental diets which used cotton residue biofeed replacing 30%(group H)and 45%(group S)corn silage in the basal diet.The pre-experimental period lasted for 15 days,and the experimental period lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:1)the average daily dry matter intake of group H was significantly higher than that of group CK and group S(P<0.05).The average daily gain of group S was significantly lower than that of group CK and group H(P<0.05),and the feed to gain ratio was significantly higher than that of group CK and group H(P<0.05).2)The rumen pH and ammoniacal nitrogen content of group CK were significantly lower than those of group H(P<0.05).The rumen acetic acid content of group S was significantly lower than that of group CK and group H(P<0.05),and the rumen propionic acid content of group H was significantly higher than that of group CK and group S(P<0.05);the rumen acetic acid/propionic acid of group H and group S was significantly lower than that of group CK(P<0.05),and group S was significantly lower than group H(P<0.05).3)The blood white blood cell count,aspartate transaminase activity and albumin and triglyceride contents of group CK were significantly lower than those of group S(P<0.05).The blood urea nitrogen content of group H and group S was significantly higher than that of group CK(P<0.05),and group S was significantly higher than group H(P<0.05).The blood hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase activities of group H were significantly lower than those of group S(P<0.05).The blood glucose content of group H was significantly higher than that of group CK and group S(P<0.05).4)At the phylum level,the rumen and rectal dominant phyla of 3 groups were Firmicutes and Bacteroidota.At the genus level,the rumen dominant genera of group CK were Prevotella,Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group,the rumen dominant genera of group H were Streptococcus,Weissella and Prevotella,and the rumen dominant genera of group S were Lactococcus,Weissella and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group;the rectal dominant genera of group CK were Romboutsia,Turicibacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1,the rectal dominant genera of group H were Enterococcus,Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Romboutsia,and the rectal dominant genera of group S were Enterococcus,Turicibacter and Romboutsia.In summary,replacing corn silage with 30%cotton residue biofeed in the diet is beneficial for growth of fattening cattle,can reduce the stress sensitivity and acidosis,and can change the rumen and rectal flora structure at the genera level.
作者
白丽莎
艾比布拉·伊马木
汪梦洁
于琴
马小龙
张建新
王光伟
BAI Lisha;AIBIBULA Yimamu;WANG Mengjie;YU Qin;MA Xiaolong;ZHANG Jianxin;WANG Guangwei(Grassland College,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830000,China;Xinjiang Xinhe Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Limited Liability Company,Maigaiti 846000,China;Xinjiang Blade Sunshine Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Company Limited,Maigaiti 846000,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期7097-7107,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
新疆自治区重点研发计划项目“新疆地源性生物发酵饲料调配关键技术研究”(2022B02042-2)。
关键词
棉渣生物饲料
育肥牛
生长性能
血液指标
菌群结构
cotton residue biofeed
fattening cattle
growth performance
blood indices
flora structure
