摘要
伴随着第四次工业革命的加速演进,人工智能已经深度嵌入经济社会运行和产业发展,引发全球产业链供应链的变革重构,产业链供应链将更加趋向收缩化与短链化、近岸化与本土化、融合化与数智化。而在其演化过程中,隐含着三重风险:就宏观层面而言,存在经济结构转型与新一轮大国竞争的内外部挤压;从中观维度来看,具有产业升级滞后、结构失衡及产业空心化的隐忧;由微观视角切入,存在着企业“中等技术陷阱”及数据和算法安全风险。在人工智能时代下,应采取如下应对策略:推进政府与市场制度安排的优化创新,在宏观层面构建产业链供应链数智新生态;推动人工智能和实体经济的深度融合,在中观层面驱动产业链供应链数智化转型;充分释放智能企业“补链强链”效应,在微观层面保障产业链供应链的自主可控;促进高水平对外开放,有效降低产业链供应链“脱钩断链”风险,从而转危为机并实现我国产业链供应链韧性和安全水平的全面提升。
With the accelerated evolution of the fourth industrial revolution,artificial intelligence has been deeply embedded in the operation of the economy and society and the development of industries,triggering the transformation and reconstruction of the global industrial chain and supply chain.The industrial chain and supply chain will tend to be more contracted and shortened,nearshored and localized,integrated and digitalized and intelligentized.And there are three risks implicit in its evolution process:from the macro level,there is the internal and external squeeze from the transformation of the economic structure and the new round of great-power competition;from the meso dimension,there are hidden concerns such as the lag in industrial upgrading,structural imbalance and industrial hollowing-out;from the micro perspective,there are the"middle-income technology trap"for enterprises and the risks to data and algorithm security.In the era of artificial intelligence,the strategies for preventing risks lie in promoting the optimization and innovation of government and market institutional arrangements to build a new digital and intelligent ecosystem for the industrial chain and supply chain at the macro level;driving the in-depth integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy to promote the digital and intelligent transformation of the industrial chain and supply chain at the meso level;fully unleashing the"chain-complementing and chain-strengthening"effects of intelligent enterprises to ensure the autonomy and controllability of the industrial chain and supply chain at the micro level;and promoting high-level opening-up to effectively reduce the risks of"decoupling and chain-breaking"in the industrial chain and supply chain,thus turning risks into opportunities and realizing a comprehensive improvement in the resilience and security level of China's industrial chain and supply chain.
作者
师博
阮连杰
SHI Bo;RUAN Lian-jie
出处
《改革》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第11期17-27,共11页
Reform
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“中国经济高质量发展的机理与路径研究”(20FJLB026)。
关键词
人工智能
产业链
供应链
实数融合
artificial intelligence
industrial chain
supply chain
deep integration of real economy and digital economy
