摘要
《国际卫生条例》在促进成员国遵守与解决国际卫生争端方面的失败,推动了以增强国际社会预防和应对未来的大流行病的能力作为缔约宗旨的《大流行病条约》的谈判进程。《大流行病条约》以实现公共卫生治理领域的公平为基点,试探性地在实体规则和程序机制上进行突破:制定促进全球卫生能力建设的硬性条款和推动争端解决程序的“司法化”。如何处理《大流行病条约》与《国际卫生条例》的关系将是制约条约机制间协调性的关键——理想设计是《大流行病条约》以“议定书”的形式对《国际卫生条例》进行补位。然而,由于谈判各方在达成公约内容共识、处理世卫组织卫生管理权与成员国国家主权的关系以及公约国国内批准程序方面存在障碍,《大流行病条约》最终能否通过仍然具有很大的不确定性。
The failure of the International Health Regulations(IHR)to promote compliance by member states and to resolve international health disputes has fuelled the negotiation of a pandemic treaty with the purpose of enhancing the international community’s capacity to prevent and respond to future pandemics.The Pandemic Treaty,based on achieving“equity”in public health governance,has explored breakthroughs in substantive rules and procedural mechanisms:mandatory provisions for capacity-building in global health and the“judicialization”of dispute settlement procedures.Also as a pandemic treaty,how to deal with the relationship between the Pandemic Treaty and the IHR will be a key constraint on the harmonisation of treaty mechanisms-ideally the Pandemic Treaty would be designed as a“protocol”to the IHR.The ideal design would be for the Pandemic Treaty to“complement”the IHR in the form of a“protocol”.At the same time,the eventual adoption of the Pandemic Treaty remains highly uncertain due to the obstacles faced by the negotiating parties in reaching a consensus on its normative content,in managing the relationship between WHO’s authority to regulate health and the national sovereignty of member states,and in fulfilling the domestic procedures for the treaty’s entry into force for member states.
作者
戴莎莎
韩逸畴
DAI Shasha;HAN Yichou(School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《南京中医药大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第6期427-433,共7页
Journal of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD187)。
关键词
大流行病条约
国际卫生条例
卫生公平
司法化
公共卫生治理
Pandemic Treaty
International Health Regulations
health equity
judicialisation
public health governance
