摘要
【目的】分析克拉玛依市水痘流行特征,为当地水痘防治和水痘疫苗免疫策略调整提供参考依据。【方法】收集2015—2022年克拉玛依市水痘病例资料,并进行流行病学特征分析。【结果】2015—2022年克拉玛依市共报告水痘病例3380例,年平均发病率为94.91/10万,报告发病率呈逐年下降趋势(AAPC=−16.29%,P<0.05)。发病高峰在当年10月至次年1月,4—6月出现小幅上升。发病率呈地区性分布差异,克拉玛依区、白碱滩区、独山子区发病率依次为109.68/10万、89.06/10万以及53.80/10万。10~14岁和5~9岁年龄组人群发病率高于其他年龄组,分别为447.01/10万和422.33/10万。发病人群学生占比最高(59.17%),其次是学龄前儿童(17.40%)。水痘突破病例645例,占比为19.08%,突破病例发病与最近一次接种疫苗平均间隔时间为(5.77±3.43)年。【结论】克拉玛依市水痘病例主要发生在学校和托幼机构,应进一步做好学校疫情防控,建议在小学生入学前接种第二剂水痘疫苗。
[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Karamay City,to inform the prevention and control of the local varicella epidemic,and to guide adjustments to the varicella vaccine immunization strategy.[Methods]The data on varicella cases from 2015 to 2022 in Karamay were collected and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed.[Results]A total of 3380 varicella cases were reported in Karamay from 2015 to 2022,with an average annual incidence rate of 94.91/105.The incidence of varicella showed a year-on-year downward trend from 2015 to 2022(AAPC=−16.29%,P<0.05).Varicella cases demonstrated a seasonal variation,with peak incidence occurring from October to January of the following year and a slight increase from April to June.There were regional differences in the distribution of incidence rate,with 109.68/105 in Karamay District,followed by 89.06/105 in Baijiantan District,and 53.80/105 in Dushanzi District,respectively.The incidence rates in the 10‒14 and 5‒9 years age groups were higher than that in other age groups,with an incidence rate of 447.01/105 and 422.33/105 in each group,respectively.Most of the cases were students,accounting for 59.17%of the total cases,followed by preschool children(17.40%).There were 645 breakthrough cases of varicella,accounting for 19.08%of the total cases.The average interval between the onset of breakthrough cases and the most recent vaccination was(5.77±3.43)years.[Conclusion]Varicella cases mainly occurred in schools and childcare institutions in Karamay City,highlighting the need for enhanced prevention and control efforts in these settings.A second dose of varicella vaccine is recommended for children before primary school enrollment.
作者
李霞
吴美丽
左羚
荣利萍
王静
王峰
LI Xia;WU Meili;ZUO Ling;RONG Liping;WANG Jing;WANG Feng(Karamay Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China)
出处
《上海预防医学》
CAS
2024年第10期954-957,962,共5页
Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
克拉玛依市科技计划项目(20232023hjrkx0041)。
关键词
水痘
流行病学特征
突破性病例
克拉玛依市
varicella
epidemiological characteristic
breakthrough case
Karamay City
