摘要
[目的]探究不同水土保持措施对露天煤矿排土场土壤养分和植物多样性的影响,旨在为矿区排土场等废弃地的生态恢复提供可行的技术措施。[方法]在草原露天煤矿排土场裸露边坡布设8种水土保持工程措施与植物措施相结合的水土保持措施,以无措施(CK)为对照,采用样方法调查植物群落特征,并测定土壤主要理化性质,对比分析不同水土保持措施下植物群落特征、土壤特性的变化差异,采用冗余法分析植物群落特征与土壤特性之间的相互关系。[结果]①排土场边坡采取水土保持措施对土壤主要理化性质有不同程度的影响,其中土壤速效养分含量变化明显(p<0.05),撒播混草+生态袋间隔1 m(Ⅱ)和撒播混草+生态袋间隔2 m(Ⅲ)2种措施的土壤速效磷含量达到3.38,3.13 mg/kg,分别比对照(CK)(2.20 mg/kg)增加53.6%,42.3%;撒播混草+生态袋间隔2 m(Ⅲ),撒播混草+土工格室(Ⅶ),撒播混草+草帘子(Ⅷ)3种措施的土壤速效钾含量为108.25,126.25,124.00 mg/kg,对照样地土壤速效钾含量仅为53.25 mg/kg。②水土保持措施对植物群落特征的影响主要表现在Simpson优势度指数上,除撒播混草+沙柳沙障(Ⅵ)和撒播混草+土工格室(Ⅶ)的与对照(CK)间差异不显著外(p>0.05),其他组均显著高于对照(CK,p<0.05)。③冗余分析结果表明,Margalef丰富度,Simpson优势度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均与土壤速效磷呈显著正相关;Louie均匀度指数与土壤全氮、速效钾和缓效钾呈显著正相关。[结论]露天煤矿排土场实施水土保持措施可提高土壤养分含量和植物多样性,对于生态恢复有积极的作用;撒播混草+生态袋间隔2 m(Ⅲ)和撒播混草+沙柳沙障(Ⅵ)的水土保持措施具有较好的生态修复效果,可作为矿区排土场生态修复的主要措施推广应用。
[Objective]The effects of different soil and water conservation measures on soil nutrients and plant diversity in open-pit coal mine dumps were explored,aiming to provide feasible technical measures for the ecological restoration of mine dumps and other abandoned lands.[Methods]Eight soil and water conservation measures combining soil and water-conservation-engineering and plant measures were deployed on the exposed slopes of the grassland open-pit coal mine discharge site,with no measures(CK)as the control.Sampling was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the plant community,as well as to determine the main physicochemical properties of the soil,compare and analyze the differences in the changes in the characteristics of the plant community,and soil properties of the different soil and water conservation measures.The redundancy method was used to analyze the correlation between plant community characteristics and soil properties.[Results]①The soil and water conservation measures applied on the slope of the discharge site affected differently the main physicochemical properties of the soil,in which the soil quick-acting nutrient content changed significantly(p<0.05),and the soil quick-acting phosphorus content of the two measures-spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 1m(Ⅱ)and spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 2 m(Ⅲ)-reached 3.38 and 3.13 mg/kg,respectively.These increased by 53.6%and 42.3%compared to that of the control(CK)(2.20 mg/kg),respectively.The soil quick-effect potassium content of the three measures of spreading mixed grass+ecological bag spacing 2 m(Ⅲ),spreading mixed grass+geocell(Ⅶ),and spreading mixed grass+grass curtain(Ⅷ)was 108.25,126.25,and 124.00 mg/kg,respectively.In contrast,the soil quick-effect potassium content of the control plot was only 53.25 mg/kg.②The effects of soil and water conservation measures on plant community characteristics manifested mainly in the Simpson’s dominance index,which was significantly higher than that of the control(CK),except for the insignificant differences(p>0.05)between the spreading of sedge+salix psammophila sand barriers(Ⅵ)and the spreading of sedge+geocell(Ⅶ)(p<0.05).③The results of redundancy analysis showed that the Margalef richness,Simpson dominance index,and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were all significantly positively correlated with soil quick-acting phosphorus.The Louie evenness index was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen,quick-acting potassium,and slow-acting potassium.[Conclusion]The implementation of soil and water conservation measures in open-pit coal mine dumps can improve the soil nutrient content and plant diversity,which has a positive effect on ecological restoration.The soil and water conservation measures of spreading mixed grass+ecological bag with an interval of 2 m(Ⅲ)and spreading mixed grass+salix psammophila sand barriers(Ⅵ)have a better ecological restoration effect,which can be popularized and applied as the main measures for ecological restoration of dumps in the mining area.
作者
尹佳琪
郭建英
珊丹
邢恩德
李耀
Yin Jiaqi;Guo Jianying;Shan Dan;Xing Ende;Li Yao(College of Desert Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Huhhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Ordos City Land Surveying and Planning Institute,Ordos,Inner Mongolia 017000,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期12-22,共11页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
鄂尔多斯市科技合作重大专项“黄河流域绿色矿山建设生态修复关键技术研究与示范”(2021EEDSCXQDFZ2016)
创建鄂尔多斯国家可持续发展议程创新示范区项目“窟野河流域山水林田湖草沙矿城系统治理技术与示范”(2022EEDSKJXM005-03)
内蒙古自治区水利科技项目“皇甫川生态清洁小流域建设目标分类评价体系构建研究”(NSK202203)。
关键词
水土保持措施
植被特征
土壤特性
冗余分析
露天煤矿排土场
soil and water conservation measures
vegetation characteristics
soil characteristics
redundancy analysis
mine dump
