摘要
在关于《民法典》侵权责任编“相应的责任”的探讨与适用中,承担“相应的责任”者与其他责任主体之共同责任形态、确定“相应的责任”大小之因素及责任主体间的追偿关系,是困扰理论界和实务界的三个关键性问题。为回应这些问题,明确和统一法律适用标准,《解释》分别对受托人、监护人、劳务派遣单位及定作人之“相应的责任”作出进一步规定。该解释对共同责任形态统一采“分别确定+共同承担”模式,应将各责任主体应承担之外部责任的重合部分认定为连带责任。责任主体的“过错范围”是决定“相应的责任”大小的依据,包括过错程度和原因力两项因素。该解释中关于教唆及帮助情形、劳务派遣情形及承揽情形下责任主体追偿关系的规定存在不妥之处,应以预防功能的实现及责任主体间的利益平衡为导向,对相关追偿规则予以完善。
In the discussion and application of the“Corresponding liability”in the Tort Liability section of the Civil Code,the joint liability form between the person who bears“corresponding liability”and other responsible parties,the factors determining the size of“corresponding responsibility”,and the recovery relationship between responsible parties are three key issues in the theoretical and practical circles.In order to fully respond to these issues and clarify and unify legal application standards,the Judicial Interpretation on Tort Liability further stipulates the“corresponding liability”of trustee,guardian,labor dispatch unit,and ordering party.Due to the unified adoption of the“separate determination and joint liable”model for the form of joint liability in this interpretation,the overlapping external liabilities that each responsible party should bear should be recognized as solidary liability.The“scope of fault”of the responsible party is the basis for determining the size of the“corresponding liability”,including two factors:the degree of fault and the causative potency.There are inappropriate provisions in this explanation regarding the recovery relationship between responsible parties in cases of instigation and assistance,labor dispatch,and contracting.The relevant recovery rules should be improved based on the realization of preventive functions and the balance of interests between responsible parties.
作者
张玉东
ZHANG Yudong(School of Law,Yantai University,Yantai Shandong 264005,China)
出处
《北京理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
北大核心
2025年第1期35-43,共9页
Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology：Social Sciences Edition
基金
泰山学者工程专项经费资助项目“《民法典》侵权责任编解释与适用问题研究”(TSQN202306161)。
关键词
相应的责任
连带责任
过错程度
原因力
追偿权
corresponding liability
solidary liability
degree of fault
causative potency
right of recourse
