摘要
随着医疗卫生体制的改革,各大医疗机构缩短患者的平均住院日,以求资源最大利用化,加之快速康复等先进理念在医院的普及和推广,患者出院时尚处于疾病恢复阶段,为减少患者出院后不良事件的发生、保证患者出院安全及快速康复回归社会,良好的出院准备至关重要。出院准备度,即患者的出院准备状态,是指医务人员通过综合评估患者的生理、心理和社会方面的健康状况,以评判患者是否具备离开医院、回归社会和进一步康复的能力,是患者和家属对是否准备好出院的一种感知,也是对患者出院后过渡期安全的一种预测。国外关于出院准备度研究较早并且较为成熟,研究人群从患者扩展至照顾者,研究内容包括出院准备度量表的编制、现况调查、影响因素的研究、质性研究及对出院准备度的干预研究。我国关于出院准备度的研究起步较晚,最早的研究人群是脑卒中患者。目前,对于癌症患者出院准备度的研究尚处于起步阶段,临床护理工作中,针对癌症患者进行出院准备度的评估,可以了解其出院准备需求,以利于护理人员为其提供针对性的出院指导。本文从癌症患者出院准备度的现状、评估工具、影响因素以及作用机制四个方面进行综述,为临床医务人员提高癌症患者的出院准备度水平提供借鉴,以期改善患者的健康结局。
With the reform of the medical and health system,major medical institutions have shortened the average length of hospital stay for patients in order to maximize the utilization of resources.In addition,with the popularization and promotion of advanced concepts such as enhanced recovery in hospitals,patients are still in the recovery stage when discharged.To reduce the occurrence of adverse events after discharge,ensure patient safety and promote their rapid recovery for reintegration into society,good discharge preparation is crucial.Discharge readiness,that is,the patient's state of readiness for hospital discharge,refers to the medical staff's comprehensive assessment of the patient's physical,psychological and social health status in order to evaluate whether the patient is capable of leaving the hospital,reintegrating into society and continuing with further recovery.It is a perception of the patient and their family about whether they are ready for discharge,and serves as a prediction of the patient's safety during the transition period after discharge.Research on discharge readiness abroad began earlier and is more mature.The research population has expanded from patients to caregivers,and the research content includes the development of the readiness for hospital discharge scale,surveys on current status,studies on influencing factors,qualitative research,and intervention research on discharge readiness.In China,research on discharge readiness started later,with the earliest studies focusing on stroke patients.At present,research on the discharge readiness of cancer patients is still in its early stage.In clinical nursing practice,assessing the discharge readiness of cancer patients can help understand their discharge preparation needs,allowing nursing staffto provide them with targeted discharge guidance.This article provides a review of four aspects of cancer patients'discharge readiness:current status,assessment tools,influencing factors,and mechanisms of action.It aims to providing reference for clinical medical staffto improve the level of cancer patients'discharge readiness,with the goal of enhancing patients'health outcomes.
作者
袁丽娟
郝海琴
袁甜甜
李青荷
吴翠干
YUAN Lijuan;HAO Haiqin;YUAN Tiantian;LI Qinghe;WU Cuigan(Yancheng Third People's Hospital,Yancheng 224001,China;Yancheng First People's Hospital,Yancheng 224001,China)
出处
《护理实践与研究》
2025年第1期86-92,共7页
Nursing Practice and Research
关键词
癌症
出院准备度
评估工具
研究进展
影响因素
作用机制
Cancer
Discharge readiness
Assessment tools
Research progress
Influencing factors
Mechanisms of action
