摘要
不同功能区人类活动类型和强度存在差异,其微塑料污染特征可能显著不同。系统研究海南岛不同功能区海滩微塑料的污染特征及生态风险,对理解人类活动与微塑料污染的关系、揭示污染来源并制定针对性治理策略具有重要意义。分析了海南岛居民区、旅游区、养殖区和自然区海滩微塑料的赋存特征,并进行了生态风险评估。结果表明:海南岛海滩微塑料的丰度范围为48.86~256.87 n/kg,主要成分为PET和PP-PE、形状为纤维状、粒径大于100μm、白/透明色;居民区和养殖区中微塑料的丰度明显高于其他区;不同功能区在成分、形状和颜色方面存在明显差异,居民区的微塑料以PS成分、泡沫状、白/透明色为主,养殖区的微塑料以颗粒状、绿色为主,旅游区的微塑料主要为蓝色;冗余分析和多元线性回归分析表明,旅游活动是自然区微塑料的主要来源,其成分、形状和颜色可分别解释自然区的83.6%、96.3%和90.8%;风险计算显示,微塑料污染负荷较轻,但聚合物风险达高风险及以上等级,潜在生态风险为Ⅳ级,因高毒性系数组分的检出,微塑料丰度较低的自然区聚合物风险反而最高,养殖区的潜在生态风险明显高于其他功能区。建议严格管控养殖活动的塑料排放和规范旅游活动中塑料的使用与管理,以降低海南岛微塑料污染。
Human activities in different functional areas vary in type and intensity,potentially leading to significant differences in microplastic pollution characteristics.Systematic research on the microplastic pollution characteristics and ecological risks of beaches in different functional areas of Hainan Island is critical for understanding the relationship between human activities and microplastic pollution,identifying pollution sources,and developing targeted mitigation strategies.This study investigates the occurrence characteristics of microplastics(MPs)in surface sand samples collected from beaches in residential,tourism,aquaculture,and natural zones of Hainan Island,alongside a comprehensive ecological risk assessment.The analysis shows that the abundance of microplastics on Hainan Island beaches ranges from 48.86 to 256.87 n/kg,with PET and PP-PE as the predominant components.These MPs are primarily fibrous in form,particle size larger than 100µm,and white or transparent in color.Residential and aquaculture zones exhibit significantly higher MP abundances compared to other areas.A comparative analysis of microplastic pollution characteristics among functional areas reveals that different areas exhibits distinct features in terms of composition,shape,and color.MPs in the residential zone primarily consist of PS,foam-like structures,and white or transparent particles,while aquaculture zones are dominated by granular structures and green particles.In the tourism zone,MPs are predominantly blue,fiber-like particles.Redundancy analysis and multiple linear regression analysis identify tourism activities as the primary contributor to MP pollution in the natural zone.Characteristics associated with tourism activities explain 83.6%,96.3%,and 90.8%of the composition,shape,and color of MPs in the natural zone,respectively.The risk assessment indicates that although the overall MP pollution load on Hainan Island beaches is low,the polymer risk level is classified as high or above,with potential ecological risks reaching LevelⅣ.Despite the low MP abundance in the natural zone,the presence of highly toxic components results in the highest polymer risk in this area.Additionally,the aquaculture zone shows significantly higher ecological risks compared to other functional zones.To mitigate MP pollution on Hainan Island,our study recommends strict regulation of plastic discharge from aquaculture activities.Furthermore,implementing standardized plastic usage and management practices in tourism-related activities helps to reduce the ecological risks associated with MPs.
作者
李岩
陈海燕
黄玮钰
孙凯峰
黄焕芳
刘冰洁
LI Yan;CHEN Haiyan;HUANG Weiyu;SUN Kaifeng;HUANG Huanfang;LIU Bingjie(College of Resource and Environment,Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou 510535,China)
出处
《安全与环境工程》
北大核心
2025年第1期21-32,共12页
Safety and Environmental Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42203002)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项项目(PM-zx703-202305-246)。
关键词
海滩微塑料
污染特征
生态风险评估
养殖区
旅游区
beach microplastic
pollution characteristic
ecological risk assessment
aquaculture zone
tourism zone
