摘要
[背景]聚合物电解质(PE)由于其良好的热稳定性、高柔韧性以及可加工性,成为固态电解质理想材料之一.原位聚合技术能增强电极-电解质的界面相容性,革新传统PE的制备方法,已广泛应用于PE的制备.[进展]本文阐述了原位聚合制备PE的最新研究进展,探讨了不同原位聚合工艺制备PE的优缺点,比较了不同单体通过原位聚合制备PE的差异,综述了原位聚合设计PE在离子电导率、机械性能、高电压稳定性和阻燃性能等方面的改性方法.[展望]基于上述研究进展,总结了原位聚合制备的PE在锂金属电池应用中所面临的问题和发展方向.由于各类电解质固有的局限性,研究者需要更深入地思考如何选择合适的方案对PE进行改性,为高能量密度固态锂金属电池的研发提供指导.
[Background]Lithium-ion batteries,as a mature secondary energy storage system,have been widely used in various fields of daily life,such as portable electronic devices,electric vehicles,and smart grids.Lithium metal is an excellent candidate for an advanced battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low redox potential.However,a significant concern lies in the potential safety risks associated with lithium metal batteries(LMBs),such as fire and explosions.Solid-state electrolytes,serving as an important component in solid-state LMBs,play a critical role in enhancing the safety and cycling stability of the batteries.Among the various types of solid-state electrolytes,polymer electrolytes(PE)are one of the most promising options due to their flexibility,machinable property and light weight.However,the practical application of PE in solid-state polymer-based LMBs(SSPLMBs)is hindered due to its low ionic conductivity at room temperature,narrow electrochemical window,and insufficient compatibility between cathode and anode interfaces.[Progress]Although the flexibility of the polymer ensures good interface contact between the electrode and electrolyte,PE prepared using traditional technology struggle to fully wet the electrode material,thereby failing to completely overcome issues such as low ionic conductivity and high interface impedance.Therefore,establishing an integrated solid-solid interface holds significant importance for SSPLMBs.In-situ polymerization,an emerging synthesis method of PE,facilitates the conversion of liquid precursors into PE directly within the battery.The liquid precursor completely permeates the gaps between cathode particles,ensuring continuous liquid-solid interface contact.Subsequently,the cohesive solid-solid interface is formed through in-situ polymerization,optimizing the interface contact between the PE and the electrode.The thermal stability,mechanical properties,and electrochemical performance of PE can be tailored through the interaction of monomers and functional additives during the polymerization process.Nevertheless,different polymer substrates exhibit different intrinsic defects.Strategies such as copolymerization,blending,and crosslinking are adopted to mitigate the inherent defects of various polymers.Recent researches have extensively explored polymer chain design and modification methods based on in-situ polymerization.This review focuses on recent advancements in preparing PE via in-situ polymerization,evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of various fabrication methods,and analyzes the characteristic of PE synthesized through in-situ polymerization using different monomers.Furthermore,the review summarizes strategies to enhance PE performance in terms of ion conductivity,mechanical strength,high voltage stability,and flame retardancy.[Perspective]As a novel manufacturing process of PLMBs,in-situ polymerization effectively addresses the interface issues between electrodes and electrolytes,offering significant advantages and promising applications in solid-state battery preparation.However,achieving advanced and practical PLMBs via in-situ polymerization remains a multidisciplinary challenge.Battery operating conditions,electrode compatibility,and energy density requirements must be carefully considered,alongside the battery s demands on electrolyte performance and environmental safety when selecting a PE substrate.Moreover,high-scale production of PE is still challenging due to uneven temperatures and large differences in polymerization across different locations.Improving polymer uniformity and material yield are pivotal steps towards achieving the commercialization of LPMBs.In addition,the in-situ polymerization process is disordered,and polymerization rate and finally polymer structure have a great impact on electrolyte performance.However,controlling these aspects remains difficult.It is urgent to develop relevant monitoring methods to explore and deeply understand the polymerization behavior and structural evolution during the process.In conclusion,this review summarizes the challenges and future directions for developing PE via in-situ polymerization.Given the inherent constraints of diverse electrolytes,researchers must devote great efforts to develop effective strategy to design advanced PE,ultimately promoting their application in high-safety,high-energy-density lithium batteries.
作者
谢清水
张世禹
张成锟
胡欣超
彭栋梁
XIE Qingshui;ZHANG Shiyu;ZHANG Chengkun;HU Xinchao;PENG Dongliang(College of Materials,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第1期1-14,62,共15页
Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(52272240,U22A20118)。
关键词
聚合物电解质
原位聚合
锂金属电池
电化学性能
polymer electrolyte
in-situ polymerization
lithium-metal battery
electrochemical performance
