摘要
[背景]绿氢是我国新型能源体系中的重要组成部分.在发展新质生产力、“双碳”战略背景下,绿氢产业迎来前所未有的发展机遇,其发展趋势有待进一步研究.[进展]本文系统梳理了我国绿氢产业近年来在技术、政策、市场等要素影响下的发展现状,深入分析绿氢产业发展的特点和面临的主要问题并提出相应的对策建议.2021年以来,绿氢项目实现了从小规模试点到大规模示范的飞跃,资本正成为推动产业发展的重要力量.示范模式从单一技术验证转向对全产业链技术的协同考察,但其经济效益尚未完全满足市场化需求.[展望]绿氢产业的进一步发展主要受到政策、技术、基础设施和市场的制约,应通过完善顶层设计、加快核心技术创新、推进基础设施建设、构建产业生态圈4个方面入手,进一步提升绿氢产业的发展质量和速度.
[Background]The"green hydrogen"technology,relying on renewable energy as its primary energy input,is a crucial component of China s new energy system and a significant catalyst for the country s low-carbon and high-efficiency energy transition.In the context of developing new productive forces,implementing the"dual carbon"strategy,and balancing economic and environmental considerations,the green hydrogen industry is presented with unprecedented opportunities.However,the industry s development trends,models,and driving forces remain unclear and insufficiently explored.Therefore,it is paramount to understand the underlying principles governing the development of the green hydrogen industry,as they greatly influence its future growth.[Progress]This article systematically examines the current state of China s green hydrogen industry under the influence of factors such as technology,policy,and market conditions.Key aspects analyzed include green hydrogen production,storage and transportation,and end-use applications,with attention to their current status,characteristics,demands,and major challenges.The analysis delves into the dominant technological pathways in the industry and puts forward constructive suggestions from the aspects of policy,technology development,and industrial support based on the existing conditions.The findings indicate that China s green hydrogen industry has experienced rapid development since 2021,transitioning from small-scale pilot projects to large-scale demonstrations.Numerous large-scale hydrogen production projects have emerged,leading to a continuous increase in green hydrogen production capacity.The industry s technological pathways continue to evolve,with a steady rise in the domestic production rate of core equipment.Private capital has also entered the market,driving sustained market vitality.From a regional perspective,hydrogen production-related industries are primarily concentrated in the northwest and north regions of China,benefiting from abundant wind and solar resources and favorable early-stage policy subsidies.Hydrogen utilization-related industries are predominantly located in densely populated and economically developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,showcasing significant hydrogen market potential.Over time,the industry s clustering effect has intensified,leading to a more diverse regional distribution of green hydrogen industry in China.From an industry-driven perspective,the green hydrogen industry is currently guided primarily by policies,with core policies outlining the blueprint for the medium-to long-term development of China s hydrogen industry.However,in the future,capital will gradually replace policy guidance as the main driving force for industry development.Downstream demand within the industry chain will be regulated by the market,prompting further improvement in the industry s economic benefits.Technological factors play a crucial role as a significant driver that permeates the entire development cycle.Currently,the main form of practice in the green hydrogen industry remains dominated by demonstration projects,and the economic benefits have yet to meet market demand,with technological deficiencies existing in various aspects of the hydrogen industry.Overall,the industry is still in its early to middle stages of development.[Perspective]The further development of the green hydrogen industry is mainly constrained by policies,technology,and infrastructure.To overcome these constraints,efforts should focus on four key areas:improving top-level design,accelerating core technological innovation,promoting infrastructure construction,and building an industrial ecosystem.By fully mobilizing positive factors from all stakeholders,addressing shortcomings,and enhancing both the quality and speed of green hydrogen industry development,its prospects can be significantly advanced.
作者
陈伟平
施仲涨
林皓然
张军奎
郑世胜
CHEN Weiping;SHI Zhongzhang;LIN Haoran;ZHANG Junkui;ZHENG Shisheng(College of Energy,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory,Xiamen 361102,China;School of Management,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China;State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)
出处
《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》
北大核心
2025年第1期193-203,210,共12页
Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science
关键词
绿氢
示范项目
技术路线
产业
政策
green hydrogen
demonstration project
technical roadmap
industry
policy
