摘要
本试验旨在研究全株玉米与大豆混合比例对青贮品质和体外消化特性的影响,探究宁夏中部地区全株玉米与大豆混合青贮的适宜比例。试验将全株玉米与大豆分别按鲜重比为10∶0(R0)、8∶2(R1)、6∶4(R2)、4∶6(R3)、2∶8(R4)和0∶10(S0)的比例混合均匀后,发酵120 d调制成青贮饲料,对其进行感官评价,并测定发酵品质、营养成分和体外消化特性,然后使用熵权-TOPSIS法进行综合评价。结果表明:1)大豆单独青贮感官评价等级为中等;而混合青贮能改善色泽、气味,综合感官评价等级为优等。2)随着大豆所占比例的降低,青贮饲料pH及丙酸和氨态氮含量逐渐降低,乳酸含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。3)随着大豆所占比例的提高,青贮饲料干物质、粗蛋白质和酸性洗涤纤维含量逐渐提高,可溶性碳水化合物含量逐渐降低。4)R3处理青贮饲料体外干物质消化率和体外中性洗涤纤维消化显著高于R1、R2和R4处理(P<0.05)。随着大豆所占比例的提高,青贮饲料体外粗蛋白质消化率呈现逐渐提高的趋势。5)熵权-TOPSIS法综合评价结果表明,全株玉米与大豆混合比例为4∶6时青贮饲料品质综合评价排序最高。综上所述,在本试验条件下,全株玉米与大豆混合比例为4∶6时青贮品质最优,体外消化率高,综合评价最好,可作为宁夏地区调制全株玉米-大豆混合青贮饲料的参考。
The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of whole-plant corn and soybean mixture ratios on silage quality and digestion characteristics in vitro,and to explore the appropriate mixture ratio of whole-plant corn to soybean for preparing silage in the middle region of Ningxia.The whole-plant corn and soybean were mixed according to the fresh weight ratio of 10∶0(R0),8∶2(R1),6∶4(R2),4∶6(R3),2∶8(R4)and 0∶10(S0),respectively,and fermented for 120 days to prepare silage.After sensory evaluation,the fermentation quality,nutrient composition and digestion characteristics in vitro were determined,and the entropy-TOPSIS method was used for comprehensive evaluation.The results showed as follows:1)the sensory evaluation grade of soybean alone silage was medium;the coloration and odours of mixed silage were improved,and the comprehensive sensory evaluation grade was excellent.2)With the decrease of soybean proportion,the pH,propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents in silage were gradually decreased,and the lactic acid content showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing.3)With the increase of soybean proportion,the contents of dry matter,crude protein and acid detergent fiber in silage were gradually increased,and the water soluble carbohydrate content was gradually decreased.4)The in vitro dry matter digestibility and neutral detergent fiber digestibility of silage in R3 treatment were significantly higher than those in R1,R2 and R4 treatments(P<0.05).With the increase of soybean proportion,the in vitro crude protein digestibility of silage showed a trend of increasing gradually.5)The results of entropy-TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation showed that the silage quality ranking was the highest when the mixture ratio of whole-plant corn to soybean was 4∶6.In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,the silage quality is the best when the mixture ratio of whole-plant corn to soybean is 4∶6,the in vitro digestibility is high,and the comprehensive evaluation is the best,which can be used as a reference for the preparation of whole-plant corn and soybean mixed silage in Ningxia region.
作者
李雨嘉
吉方财
秦子旸
郝迎辰
王召明
王磊
孙志强
玉柱
LI Yujia;JI Fangcai;QIN Ziyang;HAO Yingchen;WANG Zhaoming;WANG Lei;SUN Zhiqiang;YU Zhu(College of Grassland Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;National Center of Pratacultural Technology Innovation(Under Way),Hohhot 010070,China;Key Laboratory of Innovation of Efficient Forage Production Mode of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Grassland Science,Shanxi Agriculture University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期627-636,共10页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
2023年国家草业技术创新中心(筹)重大创新平台建设专项“优质饲草生产与草产品加工关键技术研发及示范(CCPTZX2023B07)
国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”重点专项(2022YFE0111000)
草食畜牧业增量提质科技创新合作(DL2023108002L)
青海省玉树州杂多县特色养殖业提质增效关键技术集成与示范项目(2022YFD1602305)
山西农业大学饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室开放基金资助课题(FR2024-01)。
关键词
全株玉米
大豆
混合青贮品质
体外消化特性
whole-plant corn
soybean
mixed silage quality
digestion characteristics in vitro
