摘要
水体沉积物作为微塑料重要的汇,是微塑料的潜在受体和主要储存场所.为了解汉江上游水体沉积物中微塑料的污染状况,采用密度浮选-氧化消解分离提取、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察、显微红外光谱仪鉴定及风险表征比率评价等方法,揭示微塑料赋存特征并进行生态风险评价.结果表明:研究区域水体沉积物中微塑料丰度为56.67~2240 n·kg^(-1)(以干重计),平均丰度为941.21 n·kg^(-1),各样点的微塑料丰度差异显著(p<0.05);纤维类为微塑料的主要形状,不同形状微塑料形貌各异,表面均存在摩擦、破损等痕迹;粒径0.1~0.5 mm的微塑料占50%以上,颜色以透明为主;聚合物成分主要为聚丙烯(PP)、聚乙烯(PE)和聚酰胺(PA);研究区域微塑料的污染负荷指数(PLI)和风险表征比率(RCR)值分别为1.19和79.69,表明该区域水体沉积物中微塑料污染程度为中度,属于中等生态风险.本研究可为汉江上游水体沉积物中微塑料污染状况及风险评估提供参考.
As an important sink for microplastics,sediments are potential receptors and major storage sites for them.In order to understand the pollution status of microplastics in the water body sediments of the upper reaches of the Han River,methods such as density flotation-oxidation digestion separation and extraction,observation with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope,identification with a microscopic infrared spectrometer,and evaluation of the risk characterization ratio were used to reveal the occurrence characteristics of microplastics,and conduct ecological risk assessment.The results showed that the microplastics abundance in the sediments ranged from 56.67 to 2240 n·kg^(-1)(based on the dry weight),with an average abundance of 941.21 n·kg^(-1).There was a significant difference in the microplastics abundance among the sampling sites(p<0.05).Fibers were the predominant shapes of microplastics,showing various appearances with friction and damages on the surface.Microplastics with a particle size of 0.1~0.5 mm accounted for more than 50%,mainly transparent in color.The main polymers components were polypropylene(PP),polyethylene(PE)and polyamide(PA).The pollution load index(PLI)and risk characterization ratio(RCR)of microplastics in the study area were 1.19and 79.69,respectively,indicating a moderate level of microplastics contamination with a medium ecological risk.This study could provide valuable insights for the pollution status and risk assessment of microplastics in the sediment of the upper reaches of the Han River.
作者
宋凤敏
李巧云
莫子龙
赵航航
岳思羽
李鹏飞
齐文博
杨婵
SONG Fengmin;LI Qiaoyun;MO Zilong;ZHAO Hanghang;YUE Siyu;LI Pengfei;QI Wenbo;YANG Chan(School of Chemistry and Environmental Science,Shaanxi University of Technology,Hanzhong 723000;Key Laboratory of Qinba Biological Resources and Eco-Environment(Cultivation),Hanzhong 723000;College of Oceanography and Ecological Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)
出处
《环境科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期238-247,共10页
Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.22073059)
陕西理工大学秦巴生物资源与生态环境重点实验室“市校共建”科研专项(No.SXJ-2016)
陕西理工大学青年拔尖人才科研启动项目(No.315/289890289)。
