摘要
精神家园是人们在生产生活实践中的心灵归宿,同时也是马克思主义经典作家关切的重要议题。作为西方文明之精神家园源头的古希腊文化哲思,随着历史发展逐渐迈入形而上的宗教迷思中,马克思主义经典作家因此肩负起重建精神家园的重任。马克思恩格斯探讨了人与精神的丰富内涵与深刻联系,逐步明确了精神家园的主体以及宗教的根本性问题,以历史主动精神与历史唯物主义思想指引无产阶级承担起重建精神家园的历史任务,依托精神生产理论强调“批判的武器”在精神家园建设中的关键作用,为人们自主构筑精神家园开辟了新道路。马克思恩格斯的后继者们在革命实践中不断汲取经验,进一步巩固了意识形态在精神家园中的重要性;与此同时,西方马克思主义者在面对更为严重的资本主义物化与异化问题时,以温和的文化批判思维尝试化解当代精神家园的多重困境。马克思主义经典作家的“精神家园”思考,为新时代各族人民共同构筑中华民族共有精神家园提供了有益的理论指引,对于坚定“两个结合”基础上不断打牢意识形态的思想根基以及持续巩固中华文化认同提供了有益借鉴,为构筑中华民族共有精神家园提供了马克思主义民族理论中国化时代化的着力点。
The"spiritual homeland""constitutes the inner abode essential for human existence and also represents a significant focus of Marxist classical writers.The origins of the Western spiritual homeland,namely ancient Greek culture and traditional philosophy,had metaphysical negativities behind them.Medieval religion made the spirit even more mysterious,and the Western transcendental spiritual homeland was relegated to a distant world by God.Since the Renaissance,a reconstruction and loss of the spiritual homeland have occurred simultaneously.Kant and Hegel failed toresolve the negative impact of the abstract stance of Western philosophy.In contrast,Marxism has shouldered the responsibility of saving the lost spiritual homeland.Marx and Engels explored the respective connotations and profound connections between human beings and spirituality.Their humanistic thoughts broke the enigma of traditional philosophy and feudal religion,and conducted a more profound reflection on"humankind".This examination addressed the issue of what constitutes the spiritual homeland,and gradually clarified the subject of the spiritual homeland as well as the fundamental question of religion.As a doctrine advocating human liberation,Marxism seeks spiritual emancipation through historical agency and historical materialism.The former inspires people to dynamically construct a spiritual homeland,while the latter demarcates the developmental trajectory of the spiritual homeland.Both converge towards the ultimate goal of"the free and comprehensive development of every human being",inspiring and guiding the proletariat to undertake the historical task of rebuilding the Western spiritual homeland.Marx and Engels were not only trying to salvage the lost spiritual homeland of the West but also strived to transcend it.In order to realize this vision,Marxism used the theory of spiritual production to pioneer the modern materialist pathway of the spiritual homeland,analyzed the underlying class attributes,and played a key role as a"weapon of critique",enabling the proletariat to lead the masses in a thorough revolution against the old spiritual homeland.The successors of Marx and Engels drew on their practical experience from revolutionary activities and further consolidated the important position of ideology within their spiritual homeland.Socialism,collectivism,and patriotism are intricately intertwined with their contemporaneous context and the distinctive characteristics of the spiritual homeland of Marxist revolutionaries that they constructed.In closing,the thoughts on the"spiritual homeland"of Marxist classic writers have provided valuable theoretical guidance for the construction of a shared spiritual homeland for the Chinese nation in its new era.Be it the people-centered subject construction,the spirit of historical materialism that maximizes active practice,or the ideological background of the homeland and the critical innovation of reflecting on the times,all of these are precious ideological treasures left behind by Marxist writers.Therefore,efforts to build a common spiritual homeland for the Chinese nation need to be based on a"second combination",striving to achieve the combination of the basic principles of Marxism and fine traditional Chinese culture,promoting the transformation of the spiritual homeland from diachrony to synchrony,continuously enhancing the identification with Chinese culture,thereby taking care of every member of the Chinese national community.
作者
青觉
刘泽锋
Qing Jue;Liu Zefeng(School of Community for the Chinese Nation,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China;School of Ethnology and Sociology,Minzu University of China,Beijing,100081,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第11期2-13,126,共13页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国共产党推进中华民族共同体建设的理论与实践研究”(21&ZD044)
全国政协民族和宗教委员会委托项目“构建中华民族共有精神家园建设研究”(2024QT009)阶段性成果。
