摘要
^(226)Ra是高毒组放射性核素,根据国标GB 5749—2022,饮用水中^(226)Ra的活度应低于1 Bq/L;同时,^(226)Ra是海洋学过程研究的地球化学示踪剂。为满足监测需求,本文系统总结了水样中^(226)Ra的预富集方法和放射化学分离方法,重点分析了辐射测量技术和质谱技术分析^(226)Ra的优缺点。预富集方法主要包括共沉淀法、蒸发法和吸附法。共沉淀法因简单、成本低,适用于0.5~10 L的水样;锰聚合物吸附法则可用于海洋和湖泊中的原位富集。分离方法有共沉淀、溶剂萃取、离子交换色谱和萃取色谱法。氡射气法、α计数法和液闪计数法(LSC)仅需共沉淀和溶剂萃取法简单分离,而α能谱法和质谱分析则需色谱法去除Ba离子的干扰。离子交换色谱法成本较低,广泛用于实验室;新型萃取色谱柱(TK100、AnaLig®Ra-01)可选择性吸附Ra,简化了分离流程。在测量技术上,辐射测量法因灵敏度高且成本低,被广泛应用于^(226)Ra监测。LSC结合萃取色谱法可实现^(226)Ra的自动化监测。α能谱法探测限低于1 mBq/L,满足日常监测需求。质谱分析技术具有快速分析优势,适用于应急分析。未来的研究应开发低成本、高选择性的新型萃取材料,简化分离流程。此外,结合辐射测量法和质谱技术可提升分析效率,为环境监测和应急响应提供更全面的支持。
^(226)Ra is a highly toxic radionuclide,and according to the Chinese national standard GB 5749—2022,its activity in drinking water must not exceed 1 Bq/L.Additionally,^(226)Ra serves as a geochemical tracer in oceanographic studies.To meet the monitoring requirements for ^(226)Ra,this paper systematically summarize the pre-concentration and radiochemical separation methods for ^(226)Ra in water samples,with a focus on discussing the advantages and disadvantages of radiation measurement techniques and mass spectrometry(MS)techniques for analyzing ^(226)Ra.Pre-concentration methods include co-precipitation,evaporation,and adsorption.Co-precipitation,with its simplicity and cost-effectiveness,is well-suited for treating environmental water samples of up to 10 L in volume.For large volume water such as oceans and lakes,manganese polymer adsorption enables in-situ enrichment of Ra isotopes.Radiochemical separation methods include co-precipitation,solvent extraction,ion-exchange chromatography,and extraction chromatography,with the choice of method depending on subsequent analytical techniques.Radiometric methods such as radon emanation,alpha counting,and liquid scintillation counting(LSC)only require simple separation using coprecipitation and solvent extraction.However,alpha spectrometry and MS analysis demand more rigorous Ba removal using chromatographic techniques.Ion exchange chromatography is cost-efficient and widely used in laboratories,while novel extraction chromatographic columns(e.g.,TK100 and AnaLig®Ra-01)enable selective Ra adsorption,simplifying separation workflows.Radiometric methods are widely applied for ^(226)Ra monitoring due to their high sensitivity and low cost.LSC,combined with extraction chromatography,can enable automated ^(226)Ra monitoring.Alpha spectrometry offers detection limits below 1 mBq/L,meeting the requirements for routine environmental monitoring.MS techniques,such as ICP-MS,provide rapid analysis,with each sample taking approximately five minutes,making them suitable for emergency assessments,though their high-cost limits routine use.Future research should focus on developing low-cost,high-selectivity extraction materials to streamline separation processes.Integrating radiometric methods with MS techniques could further enhance analytical efficiency and accuracy,supporting both environmental monitoring and emergency response efforts.
作者
徐平
於国兵
薛惠云
曹世权
唐辉平
康雨佳
闻德运
陈志
吴青彪
XU Ping;YU Guo-bing;XUE Hui-yun;CAO Shi-quan;TANG Hui-ping;KANG Yu-jia;WEN De-yun;CHEN Zhi;WU Qing-biao(Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Beijing 100049,China;Spallation Neutron Source Science Center(SNSSC),Dongguan 523803,China;School of Nuclear Science and Technology,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China;Anhui Radiation Environmental Supervision Station,Hefei 230071,China)
出处
《核化学与放射化学》
北大核心
2025年第1期17-28,I0001,共13页
Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry
