摘要
本研究以京津冀地区为研究区,基于GIS技术,对夏朝至元朝6079处历史遗址的时空演化特征进行分析,并着重探讨其与气候变化、海岸线进退、政权更替、农业生产等因素之间的关联性。研究结果表明:1)夏商两朝,气候温暖湿润,平原区湖沼广布,遗址多分布于太行山山前丘陵地区,占比分别为32.41%与38.14%;周朝时气候转寒,河湖沼泽萎缩,低平原地区生存空间拓展,故遗址由山前丘陵迁移至低平原分布,分布重心北移。三国魏晋南北朝与隋唐时期,受气候转寒影响,游牧民族频繁南侵,农业减产,战乱不断,故遗址分布稀疏,核密度最高值仅为7.363×10^(-4)个/km^(2)、 38.557×10^(-4)个/km^(2)。宋辽金时期,研究区内遗址呈现出“北多南少”的分布态势。2)夏商时期,研究区东部沿海低平原地区遗址数量较少,周朝时数量逐步增加。这是由于夏商时期海水淹没的陆地面积大,河流侵蚀基准面升高,河湖排水不畅,泛滥频繁;周朝时海岸线后退,河流侵蚀基准面下降,大面积陆地出露,沿海地区遗址数量增加。同时,受早期黄河频繁泛滥改道影响,研究区东南部黄河古河道两岸遗址分布稀疏。3)商朝时期,受政权起源地与王都位置影响,遗址多分布于研究区西南部地区。秦汉时期,农业生产与政治局势稳定,遗址数量多且分布密集。宋辽金时期,京津两地为遗址高密度区。4)研究区历史时期遗址分布濒河性与新石器时代相比较弱,各时期河流5 km缓冲区外的遗址数量占比基本达50%以上,与新石器时代相比数量偏多,这是因为,伴随着先民开凿水井的技术方式不断发展,地下水逐渐取代地表水,成为先民的主要水源,所以遗址分布的濒河性减弱。
This paper analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution of 6079 historical sites from the Xia Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on GIS analysis,and focuses on its relationship with climate change,coastline retreat,regime change,agricultural production and other factors.The results showed as follows:(1)During the Xia and Shang dynasties,the climate was warm and humid,and rivers,lakes and swamps flooded frequently in the low plain area,so the sites were mostly distributed in front of Taihang Mountain;In the Zhou Dynasty,the climate changed to cold and dry,the rivers,lakes and marshes shrank,and the living space in the low plain area expanded,so most of the sites shifted in distribution from the hills in front of the mountains to the low plain.The sites distribution center shifted to the north during Zhou Dynasty.During the period of The Three Kingdoms,Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties,affected by the climate change,nomadic peoples frequently invasion,and continuous wars,so the sites were distributed sparsely,and the highest nuclear density was only 7.363×10^(-4)/km^(2) and 38.557×10^(-4)/km^(2).In the Song,Liao and Jin dynasties,the sites in the study area showed a distribution trend of"more in the north and less in the south".(2)During the Xia and Shang Dynasties,the number of sites in the east coastal low plain area of the study area was small,and the number gradually increased in the Zhou Dynasty.It was due to the large land area inundated by sea water,the rise of the base level of river erosion,poor drainage of rivers and lakes,and frequent flooding in the Xia and Shang dynasties.In the Zhou Dynasty,the coastline retreated,the base level of river erosion decreased,a large area of land was exposed,and the number of sites in coastal areas increased.At the same time,due to the frequent flooding of the Yellow River in the early period,the sites along the ancient channel of the Yellow River in the southeastern part of the study area are sparsely distributed.(3)During the Shang Dynasty,influenced by the origin of the regime and the location of the king's capital,the sites were mostly distributed in the southwest of the study area.The Zhou Dynasty lasted for a long time,and many vassal states all settled their capitals in the study area,which enhanced the political and economic status of the study area.The number of sites distributed in the study area is the largest,with a total of 1595 sites.In Qin and Han dynasties,the agricultural production environment and political situation were stable,the nearest neighbor index of spatial distribution was 0.29,and the number of sites was large and the distribution was dense.In the period of Song,Liao and Jin,Beijing and Tianjin were sites of high density.(4)Compared with the Neolithic age,the distribution of sites near rivers in the historical period in the study area is relatively weak.The number of sites outside the 5-km buffer zone of rivers in each period accounts for more than 50%,which is more than that in the Neolithic age.This is because with the continuous development of the technology of digging Wells to obtain water,groundwater has gradually replaced surface water as the main water source of the ancient people.
作者
赵乐鋆
李冰
李晓天
赵思涵
孔韵宁
张振
李月丛
冯宝
ZHAO Lejun;LI Bing;LI Xiaotian;ZHAO Sihan;KONG Yunning;ZHANG Zhen;LI Yuecong;FENG Bao(School of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Remote Sensing Identification of Environmental Change,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Ecological Construction,Shijiazhuang 050024,China;College of the Earth Sciences,Hebei GEO University,Shijiazhuang 050031,China;School of History and Culture,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)
出处
《第四纪研究》
北大核心
2025年第1期348-363,共16页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:42271158)、国家自然科学基金地区联合基金项目(批准号:U20A20116)
河北师范大学大学生课外学术科技创新创业项目(批准号:BB2021928165526)共同资助。
关键词
历史遗址
时空演化特征
GIS技术
夏朝至元朝
京津冀地区
historical site
spatio-temporal evolution characteristics
GIS technology
Xia Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty
Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
