摘要
第三支柱养老保险是我国多支柱养老保险体系的重要一环,很大程度上关乎社会和谐安定。在快速老龄化的大背景下,“个人主导+政策激励+市场运行”三位一体的第三支柱养老保险发展模式尤为关键,该发展模式具备基于账户的集约化养老储蓄、个人积极主动养老、制度全国统筹规划和市场养老金融产品丰富的特征。这一发展模式是针对中国这样一个大国而言的,包括以个人为主导、政府政策激励和市场化运行三个部分。然而,这一大国发展模式在形成过程中也面临着个人养老规划和储备意识不强、税收优惠政策激励效果有限、养老金融产品单一和供给方集中、市场秩序问题以及发展不平衡等瓶颈制约因素。鉴此,其发展路径有赖于以账户制为核心、金融机构创新产品供应、数字技术赋能制度设计等方面。
The third-pillar pension insurance is a crucial component of China’s multi-pillar pension insurance system,significantly impacting social harmony and stability.In the context of rapid aging,the development model of the third-pillar pension insurance,characterized by a trinity of“individual-led,policy-incentivized,and market-operated”is particularly critical.This model features account-based intensive pension savings,proactive individual pension planning,nationally coordinated system design,and a diverse range of market-based pension financial products.This development model is tailored for a major country like China,encompassing three parts:individual-led initiatives,government policy incentives,and market-driven operations.However,in its formation,this major country model also faces bottlenecks such as weak individual pension planning and reserve awareness,limited effectiveness of tax incentive policies,a lack of diversity in pension financial products,concentrated supply-side issues,market disorder,and imbalanced development.Therefore,its development pathway relies on the establishment of an account-based system,financial institution innovative product offerings,and institution-building empowered by digital technologies.
作者
蒋长流
朱文慧
Jiang Changliu;Zhu Wenhui(Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230000,China)
关键词
养老保险
第三支柱
大国模式
pension insurance
third pillar
major country model
