摘要
长三角地区是我国大气污染联防联控的重点区域,为掌握长三角地区在各项空气质量改善行动计划指导下的大气污染防治工作成效,利用2019−2022年长三角地区PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度监测数据和人口密度数据,分析了长三角地区41个城市PM_(2.5)和O_(3)浓度的时空变化特征并估算了人群暴露水平变化及其健康效应与经济损失。结果表明:①2019−2022年长三角地区PM_(2.5)污染水平逐年降低,O_(3)污染呈波动上升的趋势,污染主要分布于长三角北部和中部腹地。②PM_(2.5)和O_(3)复合污染的天数有下降趋势,集中出现在3−5月和10月。研究期间,人群PM_(2.5)暴露水平呈现逐年改善趋势,暴露于PM_(2.5)浓度小于35μg/m^(3)的人口累计频率从25.91%升至79.91%,人口加权PM_(2.5)浓度年均值处于低值区的城市逐年增加。③2019−2021年人群O_(3)暴露水平有所改善,但2022年受O_(3)污染影响的人群有所增加,人口加权O_(3)浓度年评价值较高的城市主要集中在江苏省。2022年长三角地区归因于PM_(2.5)的不同健康效应(全因早逝、心血管系统疾病早逝、呼吸系统疾病早逝)人数较2019年显著下降,归因于O_(3)污染的不同健康效应的早逝人数则表现出先降后升的趋势。O_(3)污染对研究区域带来的不同健康效应的经济损失、占GDP的比例近年来已逐渐超过PM_(2.5)。研究显示,近年来长三角地区PM_(2.5)治理取得了明显成效,但是O_(3)污染问题凸显,归因于O_(3)的早逝人数和健康经济损失均呈波动上升趋势,科学合理的PM_(2.5)和O_(3)复合污染协同治理思路与措施可为居民健康状况的稳定改善提供支撑,并可带来显著的经济效益。
The Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region is a focal point for China′s collaborative efforts in atmospheric pollution prevention and control.This study,covering the period from 2019 to 2022,utilized monitoring data of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) concentrations along with population density figures to evaluate the impact of air quality improvement measures.The findings indicate:(1)PM_(2.5) concentrations showed a yearon-year decline(2019-2022),while O_(3) concentrations exhibited volatile increases,predominantly in the northern and central inland areas of the YRD.(2)The incidence of combined PM_(2.5)-O_(3) pollution events showed a downward trend,occurring mainly from March to May and in October.There was a notable improvement in population exposure to PM_(2.5) with the cumulative frequency of the population exposed to concentrations 35μg/m³rising from 25.91%to 79.91%.Cities with lower population-weighted PM_(2.5) concentrations increased annually.(3)Although there were initial improvements in O_(3) exposure levels from 2019 to 2021,the population affected by O_(3) pollution increased in 2022,and cities with higher population-weighted O_(3) annual assessment value concentrations were mainly located in Jiangsu Province.The number of premature deaths attributable to PM_(2.5)(including all-cause,cardiovascular,and respiratory diseases)decreased significantly in 2022 compared to 2019,while those related to O_(3) pollution first decreased,then increased.In recent years,health-related economic losses from O_(3) pollution have exceeded those from PM_(2.5) relative to regional GDP.The study underscores that although PM_(2.5) management has been effective,O_(3) pollution still poses significant challenges,with fluctuating trends in mortality and health-related economic losses.It is imperative to adopt scientifically sound and coordinated measures for the joint management of PM_(2.5) and O_(3) pollution to improve public health and realize significant economic benefits.
作者
程育恺
戴海夏
程珊珊
李凌云
童洪
黎锦鸿
CHENG Yukai;DAI Haixia;CHENG Shanshan;LI Lingyun;TONG Hong;LI Jinhong(School of Public Health,Fudan University,Shanghai,200032,China;Dahua Hospital,Xuhui District,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;South Hospital of Shanghai Sixth People′s Hospital(Fengxian District Central Hospital),Shanghai 201499,China;Xuhui District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 200235,China;Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201101,China)
出处
《环境科学研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期497-509,共13页
Research of Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.81872581)
上海市生态环境局重点科研项目(No.2021-02,2021-14)。
