摘要
在中国式现代化的新阶段,社会保障作为民生体系的重要一环,其核心功能定位就是推动人的全面发展以及实现全体人民共同富裕。社会保障法应基于该定位来实现自身的现代化,并以此推动中国社会保障事业的高质量发展。在法理念层面,应将以公民最低限度生活保障为核心的生存权思想革新为“支援个人自主发展的平等条件”保障观,后者以个人主体性、将实质平等作为重心的平等、对自由限制与保障的平衡、面向发展的保障为基本要素,并以“具有有限社会风险抵御能力、自主性潜力有待发挥的‘社会人’”为理论预设。在此基础上,在法制度层面,应实现权利保障、规则层次、体系建构三个递进维度的整体性重构。其中,在权利保障上,推进从“纲领性规定”向可救济性社会保障权利的属性转型;在规则层次上,促进从“依政策治理”向“依法律治理”社会保障关系的效力提升;在体系建构上,推动从碎片化的制度设计向社会保障法典化体系的结构重塑。
In the new phase of Chinese-style modernization,social security plays a pivotal role in the welfare system.Its core mission is to foster the comprehensive development of individuals and achieve common prosperity for all.Consequently,the modernization of social security law should be rooted in this mission,thereby driving the high-quality advancement of China's social security initiatives.At the level of legal philosophy,the traditional concept of the right to subsistence—centered on ensuring a minimum standard of living—should be transformed into a framework that guarantees"equal conditions to support individual autonomy."This framework is based on key principles such as individual subjectivity,substantive equality,a balanced approach to both the restriction and protection of freedom,and a focus on development,with the theoretical premise of a"social person"who possesses both limited capacities to withstand social risks and untapped potential for autonomy.On this basis,a comprehensive reconstruction is needed at the institutional level across three progressive dimensions:rights protection,normative frameworks,and system architecture.In terms of rights protection,there should be a shift from merely"programmatic provisions"to the recognition of justiciable social security rights.At the normative level,it is vital to upgrade the eff ectiveness of social security relations from policy-driven governance to governance based on the rule of law.Finally,in terms of system architecture,it is imperative to transition from a fragmented institutional design to a codifi ed system of social security law.
作者
李德健
Li Dejian(Law School,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)
出处
《社会保障评论》
2025年第2期32-48,共17页
Chinese Social Security Review
基金
浙江省哲学社会科学规划“党的十九届六中全会和省委十四届十次全会精神研究阐释”专项课题“高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区背景下慈善法律政策创新机制研究”(22LLXC10YB)。
关键词
社会保障法现代化
法理念
可救济性权利
依法律治理
法典化
modernization of social security law
legal philosophy
justiciable rights
rule-of-law governance
codifi cation
