摘要
新兴技术是一种正在兴起或处于快速发展阶段的,具有前瞻性、新颖性,引领未来产业发展的技术,这些不可预知的新兴技术以科学技术的新原理、新组合和新应用为基础开辟全新技术赛道,或是通过技术攻关,连续地整合、强化和改进现有技术,对社会技术体系升级跃迁产生决定性影响,通过颠覆式创新引领未来产业迭代增长。基于美国国家标准与技术研究院提交的《美国新兴技术竞争报告》,从供给侧、需求侧、环境侧剖析制约美国在人工智能、物联网、量子计算等新兴技术领域发展的原因,提炼美国应对策略的基本逻辑主要是内外联动:向内确保供应链安全可靠、加强新兴产业部署、优化高端人才供给和使用等;向外加大优势产业资源投入、引领国际标准制定、加强情报分析与国际合作,从而强化全球领导力。美国新兴技术发展存在的结构性矛盾和制度性障碍,为中国相关产业领域提供了发展机遇,建议从4个方面发力,即聚焦美国薄弱环节加强部署、提升产业链供应链安全性和稳定性、加快关键领域技术研判和专项规划、探索针对性政策强化人才引进和培育。
Emerging technologies are those that are rapidly evolving or in the early stages of development,characterized by their forward-looking nature,novelty,and potential to lead the future industrial landscape.These unpredictable technologies bring brand new arenas based on new scientific principles,combinations,and applications,or they drive the continuous integration,enhancement,and improvement of existing technologies.This transformation has a decisive impact on the upgrading and leapfrogging of societal technological systems,leading to disruptive innovations that shape the iterative growth of future industries.Based on American Competitiveness of a More Productive Emerging Tech Economy Act,an analysis of the supply side,demand side,and environmental factors highlights the reasons limiting the U.S.development in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and quantum computing.The report extracts the fundamental logic of the U.S.response strategy constituted of a dynamic,internal-external interaction:internally,it focuses on ensuring supply chain security and reliability,strengthening the deployment of emerging industries,and optimizing the supply and utilization of high-end talent;externally,it emphasizes increasing investments in key industries,leading the formulation of international standards,enhancing intelligence analysis,and fostering international cooperation to strengthen global leadership.The structural contradictions and institutional barriers in the development of emerging technologies in the U.S.present development opportunities for China in related industrial sectors.It is recommended that China focus on the following four aspects:strengthening deployment in the weak areas of the United States,improving the security and stability of industrial and supply chains,enhancing the assessment of technologies in key fields and specialized planning,as well as introducing targeted policies to enhance talent recruitment and cultivation.
作者
梅志敏
沈瑾秋
Mei Zhimin;Shen Jinqiu(Jiangsu Information Institute of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210042,China)
出处
《科技管理研究》
2025年第2期53-60,共8页
Science and Technology Management Research
基金
中国工程院院地合作项目“跨国公司的研发创新与长三角区域产业创新的关系研究”(2023-DFZD-16)。
关键词
新兴技术
技术发展
政策研究
《美国新兴技术竞争报告》
美国
emerging technologies
technological development
policy research
the American Competitiveness of a More Productive Emerging Tech Economy Act
the United States
