摘要
【背景】煤炭地下气化(UCG)技术产业化是保障清洁能源供给安全的一个可能解决方案,当前新一轮UCG技术探索热潮方兴未艾。【方法】系统梳理国内国际文献,评述2023-2024年期间UCG技术研究进展,分析UCG技术发展面临的主要挑战,提出未来重点探索方向。【进展】提出了基于UCG的煤炭能源开发利用变革性技术,认为发展UCG–煤层气资源–CO_(2)封存与利用(UCG–CBM–CCUS)协同高效联产工艺技术是推进UCG技术产业化的关键。UCG生产动态与过程控制研究重点范围有所扩大,完善了UCG传热传质模型和模拟方法并建立了UCG腔体生长过程主要参数数学模型,探讨了UCG生产行为对炉内温度、压力、气化剂配方、注气工艺的响应特点和变化规律,论证了UCG生产富氢气体的天然优势和成本优势,揭示声发射定位技术在UCG生产动态监控中的潜在多项功能。UCG安全研究关注重点集中在运行安全、地下水安全、地表沉降防控、碳减排4个方面,研究了UCG粗煤气爆炸特性、井筒喷淋降温措施和管材抗氢腐蚀特点,初步开发出耐高温回填新材料,提出了多种UCG地下水污染防控技术,形成多种UCG地面沉降及残余沉降预测方法,提出了UCG碳减排基本策略及“碳调减”主动减排策略。UCG地质约束与选区选址评价、井下关键装备与工具、技术经济性评价等方面研究进展显著,地质评价高度关注UCG工程行为对地层条件的响应,提出和论证了催化剂注入工艺、新型点火方式、外加电磁场激励加热、气化剂注入方式和工艺改进等新设想,成功研制可燃套管、连续管等关键装备工具,多种新工艺新技术设想颇具新意和潜在实用价值。研究展示了UCG粗煤气生产和利用的经济竞争力。首次实施UCGECBM(煤层气增产)高效联采新工艺现场技术验证。【展望】鉴于近期UCG现场实践揭示的重大问题,提出了UCG地质-工程一体化、施工技术水平提升、关键装备工具研发三大未来重点探索方向。
[Background] The industrialization of underground coal gasification(UCG) technology presents a potential solution for securing the supply of clean energy.The latest wave of exploration into UCG is currently gaining momentum.[Methods] This review systematically organizes domestic and international literature,expatiates the advances in research on UCG from 2023 to 2024,analyzes the primary challenges in its development,and proposes key areas for future exploration.[Advances] Transformative technological advancements in the development and utilization of coal energy based on UCG have been proposed.The development of an integrated,synergistic UCG – coalbed methane – carbon capture,utilization,and storage(UCG–CBM–CCUS) process has been identified as a critical pathway for promoting UCG industrialization.Research on the production dynamics and process control of UCG has expanded,refining heat and mass transfer models,as well as relevant simulation methodologies,and establishing mathematical models for key parameters governing UCG cavity growth.Researchers have explored the characteristics of the responses of UCG production behavior to the temperature and pressure within gasifiers,gasification agent formulation,and gas injection processes,as well as the laws of changes in these characteristics.Furthermore,they have demonstrated the inherent advantages and cost benefits of UCG in producing hydrogen-rich gas and have revealed the potential multiple functions of acoustic emission positioning technology for real-time UCG production monitoring.Studies on UCG safety focus on four aspects:operational safety,groundwater protection,land subsidence prevention,and carbon emission reduction.Researchers have investigated the syngas explosion characteristics of UCG,cooling strategies via wellbore spray systems,and the hydrogen corrosion resistance of pipeline materials.Furthermore,high-temperature-resistant new materials for backfill have been preliminarily developed,multiple groundwater pollution prevention techniques have been devised,and various predictive methods for land and residual subsidence have been formed.Additionally,basic strategies for carbon emission reduction via UCG and carbon regulation and reduction(CRR)-an active strategy for carbon active emission reduction-have been proposed.Significant progress has been made in research on the geological constraints and siting assessments,critical underground equipment and tools,and techno-economic assessments of UCG.For geological assessments,highly focused attention is directed to the responses of UCG engineering activities to stratigraphic conditions.Novel concepts have been proposed and validated,involving the catalyst injection process,innovative ignition methods,heating under stimulation of external electromagnetic fields,and improvements in the injection modes and processes of gasification agents.Key equipment and tools,such as combustible casings and coiled tubing,have been successfully created.Many novel concepts of processes and technologies prove innovative and exhibit promising potential for practical application.Studies have demonstrated the economic competitiveness of UCG syngas production and utilization.Moreover,the first on-site technical verification of UCG-enhanced coalbed methane(UCG-ECBM),an efficient integrated extraction process,has been successfully conducted.[Prospects] In response to critical issues identified in recent UCG field practices,this study proposes three key areas for future exploration,namely geological-engineering integration,the enhancement of construction techniques,and the research and development of critical equipment and tools.
作者
秦勇
易同生
汪凌霞
QIN Yong;YI Tongsheng;WANG Lingxia(China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Guizhou Provincial Coalfield Bureau,Guiyang 550081,China;Key Laboratory of Fluidized Coal Mining of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 551400,China)
出处
《煤田地质与勘探》
2025年第4期1-17,共17页
Coal Geology & Exploration
基金
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才–ZDSYS[2023]002)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130802)。
关键词
煤炭地下气化
技术策略
控制与安全
现场试验
进展
未来探索
underground coal gasification(UCG)
technical strategy
control and safety
field experiment
progress
future exploration
