摘要
废弃矿区地质灾害严重威胁区域生态安全与居民生命财产安全,急需系统性评价方法以支撑精准防控。以陕西省某典型废弃矿区为对象,结合驱动力-压力-状态-响应(DPSR)模型与层次分析法(AHP),构建包含19项指标的多维度安全评价体系,量化采矿活动强度、岩体稳定性及生态修复响应等关键因素权重,并通过岩体应力-位移监测数据验证模型可靠性。结果表明:①开采强度、滑坡灾害、地裂缝灾害及灾害影响面积是主导安全风险的四大核心指标;②矿区安全状态呈现“初期低-成熟期升-治理期优”的时序特征,治理期状态层与响应层得分分别提升至81.2和89.0;③地质灾害后岩体压应力增量与拉应力峰值均低于围岩强度阈值,最大竖向位移为9.3 mm,满足民用建筑沉降限值,证实地表建筑物稳定性可控。研究为生态修复规划与风险分级管控提供了理论依据,并建议优先治理高开采强度区域。
Geological disasters in abandoned mining areas seriously threaten regional ecological safety and the lives and property of residents,making it urgent to develop a systematic evaluation method to support precise prevention and control.Using a typical abandoned mining area in Shaanxi Province as the research object,this study combines the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Response(DPSR)model with the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)to develop a multi-dimensional safety evaluation system with 19 indicators.This system quantifies the weights of key factors such as mining intensity,rock mass stability,and ecological restoration responses,and verifies the reliability of the model using rock mass stress-displacement monitoring data.Results indicate:①Mining intensity,landslide hazards,ground fissure hazards,and disaster-affected areas are the four core indicators dominating safety risks;②The mining area’s safety status exhibits a temporal pattern of“low in the early stage-increasing in the mature stage-optimal in the treatment stage”,with scores for the state and response layers in the treatment stage increasing to 81.2 and 89.0,respectively;③After geological disasters,the incremental compressive stress and tensile stress peaks in the rock mass are both below the surrounding rock strength thresholds,with the maximum vertical displacement being 9.3 mm,meeting the settlement limits for civil buildings and confirming that surface building stability is controllable.This research provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration planning and risk classification control,and it is recommended to prioritize the treatment of areas with high mining intensity.
作者
杨旭
冯蕾
李氡
高晗
徐博
YANG Xu;FENG Lei;LI Rong;GAO Han;XU Bo(China DK Comprehensive Engineering Investigation and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;Shaanxi Zhongdian Environmental Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China;CCIC Northwest Ecological Technology(Shaanxi)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710054,China)
出处
《中国锰业》
2025年第1期109-113,122,共6页
China Manganese Industry
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(编号:2022SF-445)。
关键词
地质灾害
安全分析
层次分析
DPSR模型
综合评价
geological disasters
safety analysis
analytic hierarchy process
DPSR model
comprehensive evaluation
