摘要
吞咽是一个复杂的神经肌肉活动,包括口腔、咽、食管阶段,涉及许多肌肉的协调功能。吞咽困难是指食物通过咽部、食管时感到费力,有梗阻感觉,吞咽过程比较长。吞咽困难较易发生在儿童及老年人2个人群中,因为他们吞咽功能的不完善或退化,但主要是见于疾病因素,也可因误食异物所致,其中疾病因素较常见于神经系统及消化系统。吞咽困难可引起吸入性肺炎甚至窒息而危及生命,因此准确的诊断及治疗吞咽困难是必要的,同时为减少病死率及肺炎的发生率,恰当而准确地评估吞咽功能也是必要的。
Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular activity that consists of oral , pharyngeal , and esophageal phases ,and involves the coordinated function of many muscles .Dysphagia means that the person feels obstruction and swallowing process is longer when food enter pharynx and esophagus . Dysphagia occurs more easily in children and the elderly because of the imperfection or degradation of swallowing ,but the main factors of dysphagia are diseases , mainly of nervous system and digestive system.Also, foreign body may cause dysphagia .Dysphagia can cause aspiration pneumonia and even endanger life , so accurate diagnosis and treatment is necessary .At the same time , to reduce the mortality and the incidence of pneumonia , appropriate methods and an accurate assessment for swallowing are needed .
出处
《转化医学杂志》
2015年第6期377-381,共5页
Translational Medicine Journal
基金
全军医学科研十二五计划课题(CWS11J180)
关键词
吞咽困难
病因
治疗
儿童
老年人
Dysphagia
Etiology
Treatment
Children
Elderly
