摘要
综合已有的研究成果,对西北地区缺水类型、生态修复的终极目标和绿洲规模的确定等基本问题进行了探讨。西北地区缺水类型分析结果表明,不同区域缺水类型组合不同;西北地区潜在景观具有多样性的特点,原生景观具有复杂性的特点,这在黄土高原表现得尤为突出。西北地区生态修复的终极目标是:从潜在景观到原生景观。通过景观研究可指导水资源胁迫下的西北地区生态修复的景观配置与建设:第一,西北地区西部干旱环境形成年代久远,在其长期进化过程中,形成了适宜干旱环境生长的植被类型和种类,这是西北地区生态修复应首选的类型和种类,真正做到宜林则林、宜灌则灌、宜草则草、宜沙漠戈壁则沙漠戈壁。第二,西部地区干旱环境形成东西部有别,东部时进时退,因此,荒漠化防治的重点在东部。确定绿洲适宜规模的基本原理是以水定规模。基本方法有两种:一是水热平衡法,二是水量供需平衡法。二者从本质上说是相同的。不同方法确定的同一区域绿洲适宜规模所指导区域绿洲调整方向一致,但规模有大小之别,而原因在于一些参数的确定有差异。因此,加强调查和试验研究,准确率定参数,是合理确定绿洲适宜面积的努力方向。
This paper discusses some basic problems that lying in Northwest of China, including water shortage types, terminal object of ecological rehabilitation and the confirmation of oasis scale. The results show that different combining of water shortage types lies in different Area. Potential landscape of the Northwest Area are various, however, the original landscape are complicated; this is especially outstanding in the Loess Plateau. The terminal object of rehabilitation is from original landscape to potential ones. By studying the landscape we can guide our constructing: first, the arid environment of Northwest Area has a long history, during its evolution, it develops plants that adapt to the arid environment. And these should be considered first when rehabbing the ecological environment. Secondly, the developments of Northwest environment are special, which means its east is different from its west. On considering about this, we should pay more attention to the east there. Two kinds of methods are available: one is the equilibrants of water and heat; the other is the equilibrium of water demand and requirement. When using these two methods to decide the oasis scale of the same region, the adjusting direction should be alike, however the scales are different, which due to different parameters. Therefore, strengthening the investigation and experiments so as to get the proper parameters, this is the way we should take when defining a fitting area of oasis.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期15-18,28,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX1-10-03)
中科院"百人计划"项目
国家自然科学基金(50279049)共同资助
关键词
生态环境修复
缺水类型组合
景观配置
绿洲适宜规模
中国西北地区
ecological rehabilitation
combination of water shortage types
configuring of landscape
fitting scales of oasis
Northwest Area of China
