摘要
通过广泛的文献考证和调研 ,系统而又深入地对国内外一直存在的有关水杉的争议 :水杉是谁发现的 ,水杉的种子是如何引入美国的 ,水杉的英文名字用什么 ,水杉的第一份标本采集时间及保护现状等进行了探讨 ;并提出 :水杉是中国植物学家集体发现的 ,其关键人物是王战 ,郑万钧 ,胡先 ;水杉引种美国是中美两国学者合作的 ,中方是胡先 ,郑万钧 ,及种子采集者华敬灿 ;美方主要是哈佛大学阿诺德树木园和E .D .Merrill;水杉的英文名字最好采用“waterfir”或其拉丁文名 ,即Metasequoia ;水杉的第一份标本是王战 194 3年 7月 2 1日采的 ,至今仍存在一个国内外均未注册且长期无人管理的“标本室” ,亟待妥善保管。
Since the 'Living Fossil' was discovered from c en tral China in 1940s, JP3 the story of Metasequoia (also known as dawn redw ood, Chinese redwood, and water fir in English), has been told over and again ar ound the globe. While BF there's BFQ only one true account, the stories ha ve varied considerably. Among the arguments,who discovered the 'Living Fossil' first, especially in China, and who introduced the seeds into USA, especially i n the United States, have been most hotly debated in the past more than half cen tury. Out of more than 1000 documents and publications collected by the current author, documents by Fulling (1976), Wang (1981), Silverman (1990), Wang (汪国权 1999), Shao et al (2000) were the most insightful in regards to these issues .Based on the review of the available resources,the following points have been s ummarized. 1 . Who discovered 'Living Fossil'? My answer is that it was the team work of several Chinese scientists, rather than any single person. First, Dr. H. H. Hu matched the living specimen with the fossil describe d by Miki in 1941. However, his matching was based on the 'new genus' by Dr. W . C. Cheng, and BF Cheng's BFQ new conifer was based the specimen collecte d by Wang (C. Wang 118, July 21,1943). Although BF Wang's BFQ collection b enefited from BF someone's BFQ information, it did not mean that someone d iscovered the species first. The team work can be described as this: many people had seen the 'unknown tree' before BF Wang's BFQ collection;however, B F it's Wang's BFQ collection that trigged BF Cheng's BFQ newgenus, whi ch was finally confirmed by Hu, and later Hu and Cheng described the 'Living Fo ssil' True Team Work.Among this team, several other scientists made significan t contributions and are therefore certainly considered key players: Lung Hsing Yang (Yang LongXing), the information of tree existed provider to Wang; Chung L un Wu (Wu ZhongLun), specimen transfer to Cheng; Chi Ju Hseuh (Xue JiRu),the ty pe collector (flower and cone); Ching Tsan Hwa (Hua JingCan), not only the type (leaves and mature cone) and the first seeds collector, but also the original Metasequoia forests area discoverer in Shui Sha Valley in 1947; as well as Shu Hsia Fu (Fu ShuXia), Dr. BF Hu's BFQ assistant at Fan Memorial Institu te of Biology, who introduced BF Miki's BFQ paper to Dr. Hu. 2. Who introduced the seeds of Metasequoia WTH Z into the United States? The introduction of Metasequoia seeds was facilitated of the work of Chinese and American scientists. Chinese participants included, Dr. Cheng of National Central University at Nanking, and Dr. Hu of Fa n Memorial Institute of Biology at Peiping, as well as the seeds collector, Mr. Ching Tsan Hwa, then BF Cheng's BFQ assistant. Dr. E. D. Merrill at the A rnold Arboretum of Harvard University and his Arnold Arboretum played a major ro le in the introduction of seeds into the United States. The Arnold Arboretum sup ported seed collecting activities and their redistribution around the world (alo ng with Chinese scientists, seeds were sent to other institutions in North Ameri ca, Europe as well as Asian countries). Dr. R. W. Chaney at the University of Ca lifornia Berkeley also participated, not only by traveling to the hometown of Metasequoia in the early spring of 1948, but also through his contribution to research and redistributions of the seeds in the west coast. 3 STBZ . What is the best name in English for the 'Living Foss il' Metasequoi Since BF Chaney's BFQ trip to China in t he spring of 1948,the name 'dawn redwood' has formally appeared in the newspap ers, journals,as well as other media sources in North America, and around the world. However,modern research BF doesn't BFQ support the close relati onship between Metasequoia and Sequoia (commonly called redwood), so ano ther name was later suggested by Chaney,'Chinese redwood', which followe d by Wang (1981) and Gittlen (1998). However, this name BF doesn't BFQ wor k well
出处
《云南植物研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第2期155-172,共18页
Acta Botanica Yunnanica
关键词
水杉
引种
英文名字
第一份标本
发现
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Discovery
Seed introduction
English name
First specimen
