摘要
为探究助剂类型及浓度对不同喷头飘移的影响,该研究利用风速、温度、湿度可调风洞及荧光分析仪spectrofluorophotometor RF-1501比较分析了不同浓度抗蒸发助剂Agrospred 730(又名AS-2)、防飘移助剂Break—thru Vibrant、Silwet DRS-60、Greenwet 360对离心喷头、平面扇形雾喷头Lechler ST 110-015、空心圆锥雾喷头TR 80-015以及德国联邦农作物研究中心施药技术研究所(Julius-Kühn-Institut,JKI)规范中的对比参考喷头Lumark F110-03的飘移潜在指数(drift potential index,DIX)的影响,并利用spraytec雾滴粒径仪测试其雾滴体积中径(volume median diameter,VMD)。结果表明:AS-2的体积分数为0.05%时,与水相比可将离心喷头DIX增加81.8%,VMD增加16.7%;Silwet DRS-60、Break—thru Vibrant、Greenwet 360体积分数分别为0.8%、0.4%、0.3%时防飘效果最好,对TR80-015防飘效果最为显著,可将其DIX(相比于水)依次减小98.7%、58.2%和80.1%,3种助剂分别在上述体积分数下对3种液力式喷头的防飘效果均依次为TR80-015>ST110-015>Lumark F110-03;对于助剂Silwet DRS-60和Greenwet 360,VMD<75μm的雾滴所占体积百分比越大,喷头DIX越大,二者之间呈现正相关性(相关系数R>0.5);VMD越大,喷头DIX越小,即VMD变化与DIX变化呈现负相关性,VMD及VMD<75μm的雾滴所占体积百分比均为影响喷头DIX的重要因素。该研究可为田间实际生产中助剂的添加与选择提供依据,为进一步研究新型农药助剂、新型喷头及喷雾设备的生产提供理论基础。
Pesticide exposure via spray drift can have a negative impact on bystanders, residents, livestock, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Reducing pesticide spray drift and maximizing efficacy are the paramount considerations when selecting technologies and operating parameters prior to making an application. With the increasing awareness about the potential risk of pesticides, many mitigation measures for pesticide exposure via spray drift have been developed. The effect of spray adjuvant and pesticide formulations is not yet well evaluated and implemented into drift mitigation scenarios. It is often stated that drift reduction with an appropriate nozzle is greater than those achieved by formulated products or spray adjuvant. In fact, to explore the combined effect of nozzle type and physical properties of spray liquids is also important. In order to study effect of adjuvant on spray drift potential of different nozzles, we used wind tunnel, and spectrofluorophotometor to carry out experiment which focused on how concentration of anti-evaporation adjuvant Agrospred 730(AS-2), anti-drift adjuvant Break—thru Vibrant, Silwet DRS-60 and Greenwet 360 were affected by Drift Potential Index(DIX) of conventional flat fan nozzle Lechler ST 110-015, hollow cone nozzle TR 80-015, reference nozzle Lumark F110-03 and rotary nozzle. It has been reported in literature that the amount of spray drift is usually related to the percentage of fine spray droplets. The smaller a spray droplet, the longer it remains as airborne and the higher the possibility for it to be carried away by crosswind. Moreover, spray droplets of a few microns in size can evaporate before sedimentation. Therefore, it is fundamentally important to measure droplet size and the size distribution to understand the environmental and the biological fate of spray droplets. In this article, Malvern particle sizer was used to test Volume Median Diameter(VMD) and the percentage of droplets with diameter <75 μm of the four nozzles above. The concentration of AS-2 solution was 0, 0.005 %, 0.05 %, 0.5 %, the concentration of Break—thru Vibrant solution was 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4 %, the concentration of Silwet DRS-60 solution was 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and the concentration of Greenwet 360 solution was 0, 0.3% respectively. In the test, Pyranine 120%(0.01%) tracers were used to test and analyze the spray drift potential. The results showed that: when spraying 0.05% solution with anti-evaporation adjuvant AS-2, DIX of rotary nozzle(6 000 r/s, 400 m L/min) increased 81.8%, VMD increased 16.7% compared with water under the condition of which wind speed was 1.8 m/s, temperature was 30 oC, humility was 40% in the wind tunnel. With the concentration of 0.8%, 0.4% and 0.3%, respectively, anti-drift adjuvant Silwet DRS-60, Break-thru Vibrant and Greenwet 360 can significantly reduce the spray drift. Especially for TR 80-015, DIX decreased 98.7%, 58.2% and 80.1% separately with the adjuvant above compared with water. The drift reduction performance of three hydraulic nozzles was TR80-015>ST110-015>Lumark F110-03 under the condition of which wind speed was 2 m/s, temperature was 20℃, humility was 80 % in the wind tunnel. For rotary nozzle, DIX decreased 70.3 % and 26.0 % with 0.8% Silwet and 0.3 % Greenwet 360 separately, while Break—thru Vibrant had no effect on it. For Silwet DRS-60 and Greenwet 360, DIX increased as the volume percentage of droplets with diameter <75 μm increased which showed positive correlation(the correlation coefficient R>0.5); DIX decreased as VMD increased which showed negative correlation, so VMD and volume percentage of droplets with diameter <75 μm were considered to be important factors affecting drift potential.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第22期49-55,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(31470099)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201503130
201203025)
关键词
喷雾
喷头
农药
助剂
抗蒸发
防飘移
风洞
飘移
spraying
nozzles
pesticides
adjuvant
anti-evaporation
anti-drift
wind tunnel
drift potential
