摘要
The shortage of fossil fuels and the disastrous pollution of the environment have led to an increasing interest in artificial photosynthesis. The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into solar fuel is believed to be one of the best methods to overcome both the energy crisis and environmental problems. It is of significant importance to efficiently manage the surface reactions and the photo-generated charge carriers to maximize the activity and selectivity of semiconductor photocatalysts for photoconversion of CO2 and H2 O to solar fuel. To date, a variety of strategies have been developed to boost their photocatalytic activity and selectivity for CO2 photoreduction. Based on the analysis of limited factors in improving the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity, this review attempts to summarize these strategies and their corresponding design principles, including increased visible-light excitation, promoted charge transfer and separation, enhanced adsorption and activation of CO2, accelerated CO2 reduction kinetics and suppressed undesirable reaction. Furthermore, we not only provide a summary of the recent progress in the rational design and fabrication of highly active and selective photocatalysts for the photoreduction of CO2, but also offer some fundamental insights into designing highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting or pollutant degradation.
近年来,严重的化石燃料短缺以及环境污染问题使得人工光合作用引起了科研工作者的广泛关注,光催化转换CO_2成为有价值的太阳能燃料被认为是解决能源危机以及环境问题的最好的方法之一.有效地控制半导体表面的催化反应以及光生载流子是制备高活性以及高选择性半导体CO_2还原光催化剂的关键因素,至今,研究人员已经提出了许多策略来增强光催化转换CO_2的活性以及选择性.本文在分析提高光催化效率和选择性限制因素的基础上,尝试从几个不同方面总结了近些年来提高光催化CO_2还原效率的方法以及它们的设计原理,包括增强半导体可见光响应、促进光生电子空穴分离、提高CO_2的吸附和活化、加速CO_2还原的动力学以及抑制不良反应等方面.因此,本文不仅系统地总结了近年来高活性高选择性光催化CO_2还原光催化剂的设计进展,而且为高效光解水产氢和污染物降解光催化剂的设计提供了重要参考.
基金
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (20906034)
the project (2015KF-7) supported by State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing (Wuhan University of Technology)
the Key Academic Program of the 3rd phase "211 Project" of South China Agricultural University (2009B010100001) for their support
the State Key Project of Fundamental Research for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (2013CB632402)
NSFC (51272199, 51320105001 and 21433007)
Deanship Of Scientific Research (DSR) of King Abdulaziz University (90-130-35-Hi Ci)
NSFC (20963002 and 21173088) for their support
