摘要
目的 探讨严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)的主要脏器的病理改变特点及发病机制。方法 详细检查 7例SARS患者的肺、心、脾、肝、肾等标本的大体特点及用常规方法研究光镜下SARS累及各脏器的病变特点。结果 7例中 ,病程短 (5d)的患者肺部表现以肺水肿为主。与通常的肺水肿相比 ,其水肿液中纤维素成分多 ,可见透明膜形成。 5例病程超过 3周的患者出现肺泡内机化及肺泡间隔内的纤维母细胞增生 ,造成肺泡的实变和闭塞。 6例可见到肺小血管内的微血栓。 7例均可见到散在的肺出血、小叶性肺炎、肺泡上皮脱落、增生等病变。 2例可见真菌感染 ,1例累及左全肺及右肺部分区域 ,还累及心脏和肾脏 ,1例出现在肺门淋巴结。肺门淋巴结多表现为充血、出血及淋巴组织减少 ,窦组织细胞增多。 5例心脏有明显的肥大 ,2例有心内血栓 ,1例有灶性心肌炎 ,1例为真菌性心肌炎。 7例中有 1例为结节性肝硬化 ,另 1例出现广泛的肝细胞带状坏死。脾内均有白髓变小或消失 ,红髓明显充血和出血。 1例腹腔内淋巴结肿大 ,但其内淋巴滤泡亦减少 ,有明显充血和出血及窦组织细胞增生。结论 SARS的主要病变为肺 ,以各期弥漫性肺泡损伤的病变为基本特征。
Objective Seven cases of autopsy from SARS patients are studied to investigate the pathogenesis and the pathologic changes of the major organs. Methods Detailed gross and microscopic examination of the autopsy specimen is performed, including lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen and lymph nodes. Results All of the lungs are markedly enlarged and consolidated. Microscopically, pulmonary edema is a prominent finding, especially at the early stage of the disease (5 days after the onset). The alveolar spaces are filled with fibrinous exudates and lined with hyaline membrane. In 5 cases that undergo over 3 weeks of the course, the main pattern is organization of intra-alveolar deposit, along with fibroblastic proliferation in the alveolar septa, which leads to obliteration of alveolar space and pulmonary fibrosis. All of the lungs show bronchopneumonia, scattered hemorrhage, and proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells with desquamation. Microthrombi are seen in 6 cases. Fungal infection is noted in 2 cases. One of them is disseminative, involving bilateral lungs, heart, and kidney; the other one is diagnosed in hilar lymph nodes. In immune system, hilar and abdominal lymph nodes are usually congested and hemorrhagic, with depletion of lymphocytes, and accompanied with subcapsular sinus histiocytosis. One of the cases shows enlargement of abdominal lymph nodes, which have reduced number of germinal centers. Spleen exhibits atrophy of white pulps, and even lost of white pulps in some areas. The red pulp is markedly congested and hemorrhagic. In 5 cases, cardiomegale is prominent. Thrombosis (2 cases), focal myocarditis (1 case), and fungal myocarditis (1 case) are observed. In addition, liver shows massive necrosis (1 case) and nodular cirrhosis (1 case). Conclusions Lung is the major organ affected by SARS, demonstrated as diffuse alveolar damage. It is postulated that viral infection induces severe damage of alveolar epithelial and capillary endothelial cells, leads to pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar fibrin deposit, and hyaline membrane formation. Consequently, intra-alveolar organization and alveolar septal fibrosis causes loss of alveolar spaces, eventually, pulmonary fibrosis and atelectasis. The immune system is often affected, and presented as depletion of lymphoid tissue in lymph nodes and spleen. Secondary infection is a common complication, which should be paid close attention in the management of SARS patients.
出处
《中华病理学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第3期279-281,共3页
Chinese Journal of Pathology
关键词
急性呼吸综合征
病理改变
SARS
非典型肺炎
Pneumonia, viral
Coronavirus infections
Respiratory insufficiency
Autopsy
