摘要
本文应用连续组织切片技术和组织学观察 ,对出膜后 1～ 6 0天的斜带石斑鱼 (Epinepheluscoioides)各期仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的淋巴器官组织进行了研究 ,描述了淋巴器官的个体发育过程和组织学结构特征。研究表明 :实验水温为 2 2 0～ 2 7 8℃时 ,孵化后第 10天出现头肾原基。头肾原基由未分化的造血干细胞组成。随着鱼体的生长 ,头肾原基的造血干细胞很快分化成不同类型的细胞 ;头肾主要由网状内皮系统支持下的淋巴造血组织构成。第 11天出现脾脏原基。脾脏原基由造血细胞组成 ,淋巴化速度相对较慢。脾脏在整个发育过程中 ,红细胞和类红细胞占优势 ,没有红髓和白髓之分。第 13天出现胸腺原基。胸腺发育速度较快 ,是明显的淋巴器官。胸腺主要由胸腺细胞 (淋巴细胞 )和上皮细胞组成 ,外区和内区没有明显的界限 ,但很容易区分。胸腺外被单层的上皮细胞层与咽腔相隔 ,保持浅表的位置 ,并且在整个发育过程中 ,胸腺与头肾是独立分开的。免疫器官原基出现顺序是头肾、脾脏和胸腺 ;而免疫器官淋巴化的顺序是胸腺 ,头肾和脾脏。和其它硬骨鱼类一样 ,斜带石斑鱼在早期发育阶段 ,淋巴器官的发育较迟 。
A histological examination was made of the ontogenetic development of lymphoid organs in the orange spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ), from the first to the 60th day after hatching (the end of metamorphosis). Specimens for this study were hatched from naturally spawned broodstock and maintained in indoor cement tanks. At 22 0 ～ 27 8℃, the pronephric kidney, which consisted mainly of undifferentiated haemopoietic stem cells, was the first organ to be observed at 10th day post hatch, and rapidly differentiated into different cellular types. The spleen developed later, its anlage was first seen at 11th day post hatch, having developed to a capsule containing primitive blood capillaries, soon becoming rich in blood capillaries, blood sinusoid, red blood cells and so on, but the spleen was slow to become lymphocytic. It remained predominantly erythroid with no division into red and white pulp up to the end of our study. The thymus was the last lymphoid organ to appear but showed rapid development. At 13th day post hatch, the thymus was clearly a lymphocytic organ with active lymphopoiesis showing as a thickened area of dark staining cells (thymocytes) in the pharyngeal epithelium. Small lymphocytes appeared or lymphoid organs became lymphoid in the sequence thymus, pronephric kidney and spleen. The thymus started its development as a thickening of the epithelial tissue in the dorso anterior part of the pharynx without distinct separation of the thymic bud. It was located on the superior edge of the gill cover close to the opercular cavity and a paired organ situated in dorsolateral region of the gill chamber. Cellular components of thymus are essentially thymocytes (lymphocytes) and the epithelial cells during early ontogeny. In the thymus, an outer zone or cortex and an inner zone or medulla could usually be clearly distinguished by 25th day post hatch. The cortex usually contained a higher density of thymocytes than the medulla and relatively few epithelial cells. Also, the thymus remains in a superficial position throughout development. In our series, it is separated from the pharyngeal cavity by only a single layer of epithelial cells .
出处
《动物学报》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第6期819-828,共10页
ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA
基金
国家海洋 863资助项目 (No .2 0 0 1AA62 10 10 )
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No .3 9970 5 86)~~
关键词
斜带石斑鱼
淋巴器官
个体发育
组织学
Orange spotted grouper( Epinephelus coioides ),Lymphoid organs,Ontogeny, Histology
