摘要
缺磷是限制目前农林业产量的一个重要因子 ,传统的农林业生产主要通过施肥和土壤改良来满足植物对磷的需求 ,近年来人们开始发掘磷高效利用植物来替代传统方法提高磷的利用效率 .本文综述了国内外有关植物高效利用磷的形态学、生理学及遗传学作用机制 .植物高效利用磷的机制主要包括 :(1)磷高效利用植物能通过根系形态变化 (包括根伸长、根轴变细、根毛数量和密度增大、侧根幼根数量增加及形成排根等 )和根冠间的物质分配改变等形态学机制来适应磷胁迫 ;(2 )在缺磷环境下磷高效利用植物能通过根系分泌物增加、菌根侵染、根系吸收动力学特征变化及植物磷素内循环加强等生理学机制来适应磷胁迫 ;(3)在磷亏缺的长期选择压力下 ,植物可通过某些“沉默”基因的诱导表达或DNA序列的特定形成相对稳定的磷营养遗传性状 ,由此通过遗传学机制来增加对土壤难溶态性磷的利用 。
Phosphorus deficiency is one of the main factors influencing agricultural and forestry productions.Fertilization and soil improvement are the major measures to meet the demand of phosphorus for crops in traditional agriculture and forestry management.Recently,the plants with high phosphorus use efficiency have been discovered to replace the traditional measures to improve phosphorus use efficiency of crops.This paper reviewed the research advances in the morphological,physiological and genetics mechanisms of plants with high phosphorus use efficiency.There were three mechanisms for the plants with high phosphorus use efficiency to grow under phosphorus stress:(1)under low phosphorus stress,the root morphology would change(root system grew fast,root axes became small,the number and density of lateral root increased)and more photosynthesis products would transport from the crown to the root,(2)under low phosphorus stress,plant root exudation increased,mycorrhizae invaded into root system,the feature of root absorption kinetics changed,and the internal phosphorus cycling of plant reinforced to tolerate phosphorus deficiency,and (3) under long selection stress of low phosphorus,some plants would form the genetic properties of phosphorus nutrition that could exploit the hardly soluble phosphorus in the soil.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第4期712-716,共5页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 0 0 0 13 2和 3 0 3 7115 3 )
福建省自然科学基金资助项目 (B0 2 10 0 2 4) .
关键词
磷效率
植物
磷素高效利用
基因型
机制
Phosphorus efficiency, Plant, High phosphorus use efficiency, Genotypes, Mechanism.
