摘要
景观空间格局研究是景观生态学研究的核心之一。运用景观生态学原理 ,借助GIS技术 (ArcGIS 8.1)和FragstatsVersion 3.3软件 ,基于 2 0 0 0年Landsat5的 4、3、2 (RGB)波段合成影像解译结果 ,将研究区分为 19个景观要素 ,选取斑块特征指数 (斑块伸长指数、斑块密度、边缘密度、分维数 )、景观多样性指数 (香农多样性指数、均匀度、优势度 )和景观空间构型指数 (蔓延度、破碎度、分离度 )等指标 ,对酒泉市肃州区进行了景观格局研究。结果表明 :(1)肃州区景观的主要斑块类型为戈壁 (沙地 )、耕地、盐碱地和低覆盖草地 ,体现了景观的基质是戈壁沙地和农牧业绿洲类型的特点 ;(2 )斑块特征指数表现为 :农村居民点、耕地和低覆盖草地斑块密度较大 ,耕地、戈壁、低覆盖草地和盐碱地斑块边缘密度较大 ,反映出农村居民点多而分散 ,草地退化和耕地碎片化状况 ;(3)景观多样性指数SHDI表明景观异质性较高的特点 ,SHEI则表明景观中有一定的优势类型 ,以戈壁、耕地和盐碱地等景观类型占优势 ;(4)景观空间构型指数蔓延度反映了聚集度适中的特点 ,破碎度则反映肃州区景观总体受人类活动干扰相对较小 ,戈壁、耕地、沙地、盐碱地分离度较小 ,反映出肃州区这些景观类型占较大面积 ,斑块相对聚集 ,构成控制性生态景观。
Landscape spatial pattern is one of the central study fields in landscape ecology.In the study area,Suzhou,located in the middle western Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province,China,19 landscape elements were derived from composite Landsat 5 TM (Thematic Mapper) image of band 4,3,2 taken in 2000 by interpretation.Studies on landscape spatial pattern of Suzhou were carried out by GIS(ArcGIS 8.1) and Fragstats 3.3.Such indices were selected:patch feature indices(such as patch extending index,patch density,edge density and fractal dimension),landscape diversity indices[Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI),Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI),Dominance Index] and landscape spatial configuration indices(Contagion Index,Fragmentation and Separation Index) et al.The results show that:(1)the landscape patches are mainly gobi(sand),cropland,saline-alkali land and low-covered grassland,which shows that the matrix of landscape is gobi(sand) and oases for farming and animal husbandry.(2)The patch densities of country residence,cropland and low-covered grassland are relative larger and the patch edge densities of cropland,gobi,low-covered grassland and saline-alkali land are also relative larger,which shows that country residences are of large number and dispersed.It also shows the regime of grassland degradation and regime of fragmentation of cropland.(3)For landscape diversity indices,form SHDI we can see that the landscape heterogeneity is high;while SHEI shows that the proportion of each landscape type is very different.Gobi,cropland and saline-alkali land are the dominant landscape type.(4)Contagion index,a Landscape spatial configuration indices,which is the same as aggregation,is moderate.As for fragmentation indices,they show that the landscape of Suzhou is slightly impacted by human beings.The seperation indices of gobi,cropland,sand land and saline-alkali land are small.It indicates that those landscape types occupy a large proportion of the total area in Suzhou and the patches of those landscape types are relative aggregated.They control the development of landscape.
出处
《干旱区地理》
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第2期179-185,共7页
Arid Land Geography
基金
"河西走廊土地利用 /覆被变化的驱动机制及土地可持续利用"(4 0 10 10 0 2 )资助项目
关键词
局研
景观生态学
GIS
河西走廊
Landscape Pattern
Landscape Indices
GIS
Fragstas Version 3.3
Hexi Corridor.
