Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveil...Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveillance.Methods All participants were evaluated by the CNBS-R2016 and Gesell Developmental Schedules(GDS).Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Kappa values were obtained.Taking GDS as a reference assessment,the performance of the CNBS-R2016 for detecting the developmental delays of children with ASD was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The efficacy of the CNBS-R2016 to screen for ASD was explored by comparing Communication Warning Behavior with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,Second Edition(ADOS-2).Results In total,150 children aged 12–42 months with ASD were enrolled.The developmental quotients of the CNBS-R2016 were correlated with those of the GDS(r=0.62–0.94).The CNBS-R2016 and GDS had good diagnostic agreement for developmental delays(Kappa=0.73–0.89),except for Fine Motor.There was a significant difference between the proportions of Fine Motor,delays detected by the CNBS-R2016 and GDS(86.0%vs.77.3%).With GDS as a standard,the areas under the ROC curves of the CNBS-R2016 were above 0.95 for all the domains except Fine Motor,which was 0.70.In addition,the positive rate of ASD was 100.0%and 93.5%when the cut-off points of 7 and 12 in the Communication Warning Behavior subscale were used,respectively.Conclusion The CNBS-R2016 performed well in developmental assessment and screening for children with ASD,especially by Communication Warning Behaviors subscale.Therefore,the CNBS-R2016 is worthy of clinical application in children with ASD in China.展开更多
The appropriate theoretical picture of describing the ferroelectric order in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite remains attractive and under intense debate.We rationalize the interaction between organic molecule subl...The appropriate theoretical picture of describing the ferroelectric order in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite remains attractive and under intense debate.We rationalize the interaction between organic molecule sublattice and inorganic frame from first-principles.Through systematic investigations on the NH_(4)PbI_(3),we show that the non-polar octahedral rotation dominates the process of stabilizing of the lattice with small value of tolerance factor.The direct coupling between molecules is negligible.With the help of hydrogen bonding to the inorganic cage,molecule sublattice will eventually build long-range ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric order under the constrain of the inorganic cage and further polarize the inorganic frame as the feedback.These results also clarify that to build ferroelectricity the polar molecule is helpful but not crucial.As the general rule for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite,we identified the fundamental mechanism that can be considered as a critical pre-step forward to further controlling the related physics in functional materials.展开更多
Methylammonium lead iodide,as related organometal halide perovskites,emerged recently as a particularly attractive material for photovoltaic applications.The origin of its appealing properties is sometimes assigned to...Methylammonium lead iodide,as related organometal halide perovskites,emerged recently as a particularly attractive material for photovoltaic applications.The origin of its appealing properties is sometimes assigned to its potential ferroelectric character,which remains however a topic of intense debate.Here,we rationalize from first-principles calculations how the spatial arrangement of methylammonium polar molecules is progressively constrained by the subtle interplay between their tendency to bond with the inorganic framework and the appearance of iodine octahedra rotations inherent to the perovskite structure.The disordered tetragonal phase observed at room temperature is paraelectric.We show that it should a priori become ferroelectric but that iodine octahedra rotations drive the system toward an antipolar orthorhombic ground state,making it a missed ferroelectric.展开更多
基金This study was supported by Emergency Technology Research Project of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2020kfyXGYJ020).
文摘Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical value of Children Neuropsychological and Behavioral Scale-Revision 2016(CNBS-R2016)for Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD)screening in the presence of developmental surveillance.Methods All participants were evaluated by the CNBS-R2016 and Gesell Developmental Schedules(GDS).Spearman’s correlation coefficients and Kappa values were obtained.Taking GDS as a reference assessment,the performance of the CNBS-R2016 for detecting the developmental delays of children with ASD was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.The efficacy of the CNBS-R2016 to screen for ASD was explored by comparing Communication Warning Behavior with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule,Second Edition(ADOS-2).Results In total,150 children aged 12–42 months with ASD were enrolled.The developmental quotients of the CNBS-R2016 were correlated with those of the GDS(r=0.62–0.94).The CNBS-R2016 and GDS had good diagnostic agreement for developmental delays(Kappa=0.73–0.89),except for Fine Motor.There was a significant difference between the proportions of Fine Motor,delays detected by the CNBS-R2016 and GDS(86.0%vs.77.3%).With GDS as a standard,the areas under the ROC curves of the CNBS-R2016 were above 0.95 for all the domains except Fine Motor,which was 0.70.In addition,the positive rate of ASD was 100.0%and 93.5%when the cut-off points of 7 and 12 in the Communication Warning Behavior subscale were used,respectively.Conclusion The CNBS-R2016 performed well in developmental assessment and screening for children with ASD,especially by Communication Warning Behaviors subscale.Therefore,the CNBS-R2016 is worthy of clinical application in children with ASD in China.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274145,12174121,11974062,12222402)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(Grand Nos.2023A1515010672,2021A1515010369,2020A1515110627).J.-Z.Z.acknowledges the startup funding from South China Normal University.
文摘The appropriate theoretical picture of describing the ferroelectric order in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite remains attractive and under intense debate.We rationalize the interaction between organic molecule sublattice and inorganic frame from first-principles.Through systematic investigations on the NH_(4)PbI_(3),we show that the non-polar octahedral rotation dominates the process of stabilizing of the lattice with small value of tolerance factor.The direct coupling between molecules is negligible.With the help of hydrogen bonding to the inorganic cage,molecule sublattice will eventually build long-range ferroelectric or anti-ferroelectric order under the constrain of the inorganic cage and further polarize the inorganic frame as the feedback.These results also clarify that to build ferroelectricity the polar molecule is helpful but not crucial.As the general rule for hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite,we identified the fundamental mechanism that can be considered as a critical pre-step forward to further controlling the related physics in functional materials.
基金W.-Y.T.acknowledges the support from F.R.S.-FNRS Belgium.J.-Z.Z.acknowledges the support from the Startup Funding for Outstanding Young Scientist of South China Normal University and the financial support of China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202006755025)The authors acknowledge access to the CECI supercomputer facilities funded by the F.R.S-FNRS(Grant No.2.5020.1)the Tier-1 supercomputer of the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles funded by the Walloon Region(Grant No.1117545).
文摘Methylammonium lead iodide,as related organometal halide perovskites,emerged recently as a particularly attractive material for photovoltaic applications.The origin of its appealing properties is sometimes assigned to its potential ferroelectric character,which remains however a topic of intense debate.Here,we rationalize from first-principles calculations how the spatial arrangement of methylammonium polar molecules is progressively constrained by the subtle interplay between their tendency to bond with the inorganic framework and the appearance of iodine octahedra rotations inherent to the perovskite structure.The disordered tetragonal phase observed at room temperature is paraelectric.We show that it should a priori become ferroelectric but that iodine octahedra rotations drive the system toward an antipolar orthorhombic ground state,making it a missed ferroelectric.
