In the whole research process of electromagnetic wave,the research of terahertz wave belongs to a blank for a long time,which is the least known and least developed by far.But now,people are trying to make up the blan...In the whole research process of electromagnetic wave,the research of terahertz wave belongs to a blank for a long time,which is the least known and least developed by far.But now,people are trying to make up the blank and develop terahertz better and better.The charm of terahertz wave originates from its multiple attributes,including electromagnetic field attribute,photon attribute and thermal attribute,which also attracts the attention of researchers in different fields and different countries,and also terahertz technology have been rated as one of the top ten technologies to change the future world by the United States.The multiple attributes of terahertz make it have broad application prospects in military and civil fields,such as medical imaging,astronomical observation,6G communication,environmental monitoring and material analysis.It is no exaggeration to say that mastering terahertz technology means mastering the future.However,it is because of the multiple attributes of terahertz that the terahertz wave is difficult to be mastered.Although terahertz has been applied in some fields,controlling terahertz(such as generation and detection)is still an important issue.Nowadays,a variety of terahertz generation and detection technologies have been developed and continuously improved.In this paper,the main terahertz generation and detection technologies(including already practical and developing)are reviewed in terms of scientific and engineering principles,in order to provide a systematic and up-to-date reference for researchers in terahertz field.展开更多
The comparison between experimental and theoretical heat transfer inside heated vertical channels that dissipate heat from the internal surface with and without internal rings is studied.The experimental setup consist...The comparison between experimental and theoretical heat transfer inside heated vertical channels that dissipate heat from the internal surface with and without internal rings is studied.The experimental setup consists of a circular pipe which is heated electrically by providing constant heat flux on the wall.The theoretical and experimental analysis is conducted in several pipes of same diameter but different lengths.The length of the pipe varies from 450 mm to 850 mm.The length to diameter ratios are taken as L/D=10,12.22,15.56,and 18.89.The value of imposed heat flux varies from 250 to 3340 W/m2.The internal ring thickness varies from 4 mm to 8 mm.separation distance between the internal rings varies from 75mm to 300 mm.The theoretical results are compared with experimental data to ascertain numerical accuracy of the method.The effects of L/D ratio,thickness of internal rings and separation distance on the heat transfer performance are studied.The experimental result is compared with theoretical,theoretical results are found by using ANSYS.In this study theoretical result for wall temperature along the height of tube,fluid temperature at exit of tube are compared with experimental data.展开更多
In the last few years,cyber security has been an essential prerequisite for almost every organization to handle the massive number of emerging cyber attacks worldwide.A critical factor in reducing the possibility of b...In the last few years,cyber security has been an essential prerequisite for almost every organization to handle the massive number of emerging cyber attacks worldwide.A critical factor in reducing the possibility of being exploited is cyber security awareness.Not only having the adequate knowledge but how to utilize this knowledge to prevent cyber attacks.In this paper we conducted a survey that focuses on three vital security parameters,which are trust,passwords and defensive attitude respectively.The survey mainly aimed at assessing cyber security knowledge of 200 students and 100 faculty members in a Sudanese college and how secure these participants think they are according to their current cyber behaviour.56%of the participants are males and 44%are females.The results revealed that all participants were having fairly-low level of security awareness and their defensive attitude is considerably weak and doesn’t protect them either individually or at institutional-level.Nevertheless,faculty member showed better cyber security knowledge and skills by 8%higher than students.This study can be used to develop training approaches that bridge the security gaps depicted by the respondents of the survey questions manipulated in this study.展开更多
The study on scientific analysis and prediction of China’s future carbon emissions is conducive to balancing the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions in the new era,and actively responding t...The study on scientific analysis and prediction of China’s future carbon emissions is conducive to balancing the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions in the new era,and actively responding to climate change policy.Through the analysis of the application of the generalized regression neural network(GRNN)in prediction,this paper improved the prediction method of GRNN.Genetic algorithm(GA)was adopted to search the optimal smooth factor as the only factor of GRNN,which was then used for prediction in GRNN.During the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions using the improved method,the increments of data were taken into account.The target values were obtained after the calculation of the predicted results.Finally,compared with the results of GRNN,the improved method realized higher prediction accuracy.It thus offers a new way of predicting total carbon dioxide emissions,and the prediction results can provide macroscopic guidance and decision-making reference for China’s environmental protection and trading of carbon emissions.展开更多
The paper presents the research on self-balancing two-wheels mobile robot control system analysis with experimental studies.The research problem in this work is to stabilize the mobile robot with self-control and to c...The paper presents the research on self-balancing two-wheels mobile robot control system analysis with experimental studies.The research problem in this work is to stabilize the mobile robot with self-control and to carry the sensitive things without failing in a long span period.The main objective of this study is to focus on the mathematical modelling of mobile robot from laboratory scale to real world applications.The numerical expression with mathematical modelling is very important to control the mobile robot system with linearization.The fundamental concepts of dynamic system stability were utilized for maintaining the stability of the constructed mobile robot system.The controller design is also important for checking the stability and the appropriate controller design is proportional,integral,and derivative-PID controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator(LQR).The steady state error could be reduced by using such kind of PID controller.The simulation of numerical expression on mathematical modeling was conducted in MATLAB environments.The confirmation results from the simulation techniques were applied to construct the hardware design of mobile robot system for practical study.The results from simulation approaches and experimental approaches are matched in various kinds of analyses.The constructed mobile robot system was designed and analyzed in the control system design laboratory of Yangon Technological University(YTU).展开更多
This paper proposes algorithm for Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing computations.Imbalance between load and energy has been one of the disadvantages of old methods in providing server and...This paper proposes algorithm for Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing computations.Imbalance between load and energy has been one of the disadvantages of old methods in providing server and hosting,so that if two virtual severs be active on a host and energy load be more on a host,it would allocated the energy of other hosts(virtual host)to itself to stay steady and this option usually leads to hardware overflow errors and users dissatisfaction.This problem has been removed in methods based on cloud processing but not perfectly,therefore,providing an algorithm not only will implement a suitable security background but also it will suitably divide energy consumption and load balancing among virtual severs.The proposed algorithm is compared with several previously proposed Security Strategy including SC-PSSF,PSSF and DEEAC.Comparisons show that the proposed method offers high performance computing,efficiency and consumes lower energy in the network.展开更多
In order to improve the efficiency of automatic warehouse control system,the experimental platform of stereoscopic warehouse with s7-1500plc is designed.The manipulator is driven by stepper motor and servo motor to re...In order to improve the efficiency of automatic warehouse control system,the experimental platform of stereoscopic warehouse with s7-1500plc is designed.The manipulator is driven by stepper motor and servo motor to realize x,y and Z three-axis space motion.The material transmission system is built by general-purpose G120 inverter.HMI KTP700 realizes control and status monitoring.The materials are identified and classified by RFID sensor and other sensors.TIAV15 software build PROFINET communication and PROFIBUS communication network.Using the GRAPH language programming can improve the visualization degree of application and solve the complex problems of program design and debugging of the warehouse control system.Through the design of hardware and software,a set of complete control system design scheme is formed,which has high practical value and provides an excellent teaching and experiment platform for the intelligent storage system.展开更多
Electrical Impedance Tomography(EIT)as a non-invasive of electrical conductivity imaging method commonly employs the stationary-coefficient based filters(such as FFT)in order to remove the noise signal.In the practica...Electrical Impedance Tomography(EIT)as a non-invasive of electrical conductivity imaging method commonly employs the stationary-coefficient based filters(such as FFT)in order to remove the noise signal.In the practical applications,the stationary-coefficient based filters fail to remove the time-varying random noise which leads to the lack of impedance measurement sensitivity.In this paper,the implementation of adaptive noise cancellation(ANC)algorithms which are Least Mean Square(LMS)and Normalized Least Mean Square(NLMS)filters onto Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)-based EIT system is proposed in order to eliminate the time-varying random noise signal.The proposed method was evaluated through experimental studies with biomaterial phantom.The reconstructed EIT images with NLMS is better than the images with LMS by amplitude response AR=12.5%,position error PE=200%,resolution RES=33%,and shape deformation SD=66%.Moreover,the Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC)performances of power spectral density(PSD)and the effective number of bit ENOB with NLMS is higher than the performances with LMS by SI=5.7%and ENOB=15.4%.The results showed that implementing ANC algorithms onto FPGA-based EIT system shows significantly more accurate image reconstruction as compared without ANC algorithms implementation.展开更多
In distribution systems,voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment.The task of voltage control is cl...In distribution systems,voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment.The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation.The problem of load bus voltage optimization in distribution systems that have distributed generation(DG)has recently become an issue.In Oman,the distribution code limits the load bus voltage variations within±6%of the nominal value.Several voltage control methods are employed in active distribution systems with a high share of photovoltaic systems(PV)to keep the voltage levels within the desirable limits.In addition to the constraint of targeting the best voltage profile,another constraint has to be achieved which is the minimum loss in the distribution network.An optimised solution for voltage of load busses with on-load tap-changing(OLTC)tarnsformers and PV sources is presented in this paper.This study addresses the problem of optimizing the injected power from PV systems associated with the facilities of tap-changing transformers,as it is an important means of controlling voltage throughout the system.To avoid violating tap-changing constraints,a method is depicted for determining the minimal changes in transformer taps to control voltage levels with distributed PV sources.The taps of a range+5 to-15%,can be achieved by tap-changing transformers.The OLTC operation was designed to keep the secondary bus within the voltage standard for MV networks.展开更多
A more accurate determination for the Probability of Failure on Demand(PFD)of the Safety Instrumented System(SIS)contributes to more SIS realiability,thereby ensuring more safety and lower cost.IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84...A more accurate determination for the Probability of Failure on Demand(PFD)of the Safety Instrumented System(SIS)contributes to more SIS realiability,thereby ensuring more safety and lower cost.IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 provide the PFD detemination formulas.However,these formulas suffer from an uncertaity issue due to the inclusion of uncertainty sources,which,including high redundant systems architectures,cannot be assessed,have perfect proof test assumption,and are neglegted in partial stroke testing(PST)of impact on the system PFD.On the other hand,determining the values of PFD variables to achieve the target risk reduction involves daunting efforts and consumes time.This paper proposes a new approach for system PFD determination and PFD variables optimization that contributes to reduce the uncertainty problem.A higher redundant system can be assessed by generalizing the PFD formula into KooN architecture without neglecting the diagnostic coverage factor(DC)and common cause failures(CCF).In order to simulate the proof test effectiveness,the Proof Test Coverage(PTC)factor has been incorporated into the formula.Additionally,the system PFD value has been improved by incorporating PST for the final control element into the formula.The new developed formula is modelled using the Genetic Algorithm(GA)artificial technique.The GA model saves time and effort to examine system PFD and estimate near optimal values for PFD variables.The proposed model has been applicated on SIS design for crude oil test separator using MATLAB.The comparison between the proposed model and PFD formulas provided by IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 showed that the proposed GA model can assess any system structure and simulate industrial reality.Furthermore,the cost and associated implementation testing activities are reduced.展开更多
To develop the green polymeric membrane electrolyte,-Polycaprolactone(PCL)was used as a host and the Ionic liquid(IL)(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate)as a dopant.The IL is a source of mobile charges in the polyme...To develop the green polymeric membrane electrolyte,-Polycaprolactone(PCL)was used as a host and the Ionic liquid(IL)(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate)as a dopant.The IL is a source of mobile charges in the polymer electrolyte system.The composite membrane has been prepared by Hot Press method and then we characterised this membrane for ionic transportation.Formation of nanocomposite system has been ascertained from their XRD pattern.Interaction phenomenon was studied by ATR based FTIR and Laser Raman spectroscopic technique.Variation of conductivity with composition and temperature was studied with the aid of impedance spectroscopy data.展开更多
The brush lock is due to assembly tightly during assembling three gripper so that it curls after some time in motor and bare motors.The motor happen to have current decreasing and cause rotary too slowly is an importa...The brush lock is due to assembly tightly during assembling three gripper so that it curls after some time in motor and bare motors.The motor happen to have current decreasing and cause rotary too slowly is an important technique problem.At last the motor hasn’t worked due to disconnection.It give company to bring assembly issue for customers.So the motor stall is main issue in motor working.We shall pay more attention to it necessarily and shall be strict quality inspection and we shall monitor the flow line for the sake of decreasing it.We shall solve the problem as soon as possible and communicate with the customer engineers.Unloaded rotation is radical in the base inspection.The engineer need to negotiate with supplying engineers for the qualified material of brush.Increasing inspection into more times is a method to decrease unqualified brushes.Some experiment method is explained to analyze for customer engineers.Two kinds of motors ie.stepping and asynchronous motor and motors used in future in car is explained to further knowledge to motor’s application.Such as the experiment with torque,voice and electric voltage converter.The pseudo soldering results the slow rotary.The reverse voltage is a reason for a motor to slow rotary even stall.展开更多
This paper proposes a robust power system stabilizer(PSS)for a steam synchronous generator in Barka II power station.The PSS should be capable of damping small-disturbance oscillations(inherently existing in power sys...This paper proposes a robust power system stabilizer(PSS)for a steam synchronous generator in Barka II power station.The PSS should be capable of damping small-disturbance oscillations(inherently existing in power systems due to e.g.load changes,lines switching...etc.)within a certain settling time for different load conditions.Also,the proposed PSS must have the conventional structure and its parameters must not be violated.To achieve this goal,robust control provides many advantages.The suggested controller is tuned by the Kharitonov’s theorem and uses the standard structure employed in industry.The problem is cast into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem to achieve the desired settling time without violating the practical values of the controller parameters.Performance of the robust PSS is evaluated by several simulations in the presence of system uncertainty due to load changes.展开更多
Heat transfer from electrical and electronics component is essential for better performance of that electrical system,The maximum heat transfer from that system results long period durability.In most of the system bas...Heat transfer from electrical and electronics component is essential for better performance of that electrical system,The maximum heat transfer from that system results long period durability.In most of the system base provided for equipments are very small and placed in a very complicated position.so heat transfer by forced convection is not easy for that purpose.The heat transfer by natural convection is the familiar technique used in electronics cooling;there is huge group of apparatus that lends itself to natural convection.This category consist of stand-alone correspondence such as modems and small computers having an array of printed circuit boards(PCB)accumulate within an area.Natural convection heat transfer in heated horizontal duct drive away heat from the interior surface is offered.The duct is open-ended and round in cross section.The test section is heated by provision of heating coils,where constant wall heat flux mentioned.Heat transfer experiment is carried out for channel of 50 mm.internal diameter and 4 mm thickness with length 600 mm.Ratios of length to diameter of the channel are taken as L/D=12.Wall heat fluxes maintained at q//=300 W/m2 to 3150 W/m2.A methodical investigational record for the local steady state natural convection heat transfer activities is obtained.The wall heating condition on local steady-state heat transfer phenomena are studied.The present experimental data is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results for the cases of vertical smooth tubes.展开更多
Controlling voltage and active or reactive losses are one of the most important issues in each power grid.In this paper,the influence of wind farm and thyristors switched capacitors on the network are considered.TSSC ...Controlling voltage and active or reactive losses are one of the most important issues in each power grid.In this paper,the influence of wind farm and thyristors switched capacitors on the network are considered.TSSC and Wind turbines are one of the significant components of each network.These instruments are also one of the resources of producing active and reactive power.In this study,wind farm and TSSC are already located optimally by Genetic algorithm.This network studied when a fault considered in one of buses.So that,in first step none of wind farm and TSSC are in the power grid.In the second step,both wind farm and TSSC are connected while a short circuit accrues in one of the busses or lines of the network.At the end,it will be observed that using thyristor switched capacitors and wind farm influence the network.So that,the capacity of producing the reactive and active power will be increased and totally the loss of the system will be decreased.Furthermore,the voltage profile will be in a suitable range.展开更多
This project is concerned with surface dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),which involve designing the configuration of discharge and experiment,collecting and analysis data from experiment and simulation.Therefore,this...This project is concerned with surface dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),which involve designing the configuration of discharge and experiment,collecting and analysis data from experiment and simulation.Therefore,this report includes the objective of the project and general information of background.It also briefly introduces the history and theory of dielectric barrier discharge.For the experiment how to design the discharge implement and why.Then it will show the experiment in different configurations,and the analysis data collected in experiment also explain the data for finding out the properties of surface dielectric barrier discharge and what the difference between surface discharge and vertical discharge are.High frequency power supplied will be used for viewing the phenomenon of discharge.Compare the spectrums of discharge on dielectric and air discharge.Finally,it is the main conclusions and introduction of the difference of surface dielectric barrier discharge and vertical discharge.There are some conclusions.Discharge voltage increase linearly with applied voltage.Discharge power increase non-linearly with the discharge voltage.The gap of high voltage electrodes will not affect discharge voltage and discharge power.Discharge power increases with the frequency of power supply.Discharge area will expand when the applied voltage increases.展开更多
The main goal of the safe power outlet project is to make power outlets smart and integrate it to all old and new electrical wiring of homes and offices to eliminate the costs.Using the designed socket,home and office...The main goal of the safe power outlet project is to make power outlets smart and integrate it to all old and new electrical wiring of homes and offices to eliminate the costs.Using the designed socket,home and office electrical appliances can be smarten and controlled remotely through wireless technology.The device designed in this project,is a smart power outlet that supports Wi-Fi connection and the user can connect directly to it and control it by the specific mobile application.There is no need for any other interfaces such as a modem or router,and the user can connect directly to the device.This is the innovative part of the project making it different from the conventional power outlets on the market.All home and office appliances running on AC power can be connected to a safe outlet directly and without an interface;they can be controlled via wireless network by mobiles.This device smartens all old and conventional outlets without making any changes in wiring.It also enables the control via Wi-Fi on the outlets.展开更多
In this article,we report ferroelectric properties of copper ferrite CuFe2O4 nanoparticles(CFN),Barium ferrite nanoparticles BaFe2O4(BFN)and La substituted barium ferrite Ba0.2La0.8Fe2O4(BLFN)nanoparticles synthesized...In this article,we report ferroelectric properties of copper ferrite CuFe2O4 nanoparticles(CFN),Barium ferrite nanoparticles BaFe2O4(BFN)and La substituted barium ferrite Ba0.2La0.8Fe2O4(BLFN)nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal technique.The X-Ray diffraction for the synthesized particles reflects the cubic phase formation for CuFe2O4,orthorhombic phase structure for the BaFe2O4 and cubic formation of Ba0.2 La0.8Fe2O4(BLFN).The structural parameters such as crystallite size and micro-strain are computed from XRD and Williamson-Hall(W-H)analysis.The polarization-electric field(P-E)loop studies gave information about the ferroelectric nature of the synthesized samples.It was noticed that the CFN particle has a lossy dielectric nature whereas BFN,BLFN samples exhibit a multiferroic nature.展开更多
This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated pow...This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.展开更多
It is known that the power consumption and efficiency of an equipment owes directly to its power factor.The lower the power factor of the equipment the more the energy consumption of such equipment and vice-versa.Henc...It is known that the power consumption and efficiency of an equipment owes directly to its power factor.The lower the power factor of the equipment the more the energy consumption of such equipment and vice-versa.Hence,the need to develop an equipment to measure accurately the operating power factor of domestic and industrial equipment and appliances[1].The operating principle of this power factor meter design is based on Zero Crossing detection principle,the principle is utilized using Arduino Nano,instrument transformers,LM324 operational amplifier,generic resistor,generic XOR Gate 7488 and 2X16LCD.The input current and voltage signal is taken by the transformers and sent to the op-amp which carries out the zero crossing detection in order to get the time difference after which the microcontroller does the calculation to determine the power factor and the deficit reactive power which is then displayed on an interface[2].展开更多
文摘In the whole research process of electromagnetic wave,the research of terahertz wave belongs to a blank for a long time,which is the least known and least developed by far.But now,people are trying to make up the blank and develop terahertz better and better.The charm of terahertz wave originates from its multiple attributes,including electromagnetic field attribute,photon attribute and thermal attribute,which also attracts the attention of researchers in different fields and different countries,and also terahertz technology have been rated as one of the top ten technologies to change the future world by the United States.The multiple attributes of terahertz make it have broad application prospects in military and civil fields,such as medical imaging,astronomical observation,6G communication,environmental monitoring and material analysis.It is no exaggeration to say that mastering terahertz technology means mastering the future.However,it is because of the multiple attributes of terahertz that the terahertz wave is difficult to be mastered.Although terahertz has been applied in some fields,controlling terahertz(such as generation and detection)is still an important issue.Nowadays,a variety of terahertz generation and detection technologies have been developed and continuously improved.In this paper,the main terahertz generation and detection technologies(including already practical and developing)are reviewed in terms of scientific and engineering principles,in order to provide a systematic and up-to-date reference for researchers in terahertz field.
文摘The comparison between experimental and theoretical heat transfer inside heated vertical channels that dissipate heat from the internal surface with and without internal rings is studied.The experimental setup consists of a circular pipe which is heated electrically by providing constant heat flux on the wall.The theoretical and experimental analysis is conducted in several pipes of same diameter but different lengths.The length of the pipe varies from 450 mm to 850 mm.The length to diameter ratios are taken as L/D=10,12.22,15.56,and 18.89.The value of imposed heat flux varies from 250 to 3340 W/m2.The internal ring thickness varies from 4 mm to 8 mm.separation distance between the internal rings varies from 75mm to 300 mm.The theoretical results are compared with experimental data to ascertain numerical accuracy of the method.The effects of L/D ratio,thickness of internal rings and separation distance on the heat transfer performance are studied.The experimental result is compared with theoretical,theoretical results are found by using ANSYS.In this study theoretical result for wall temperature along the height of tube,fluid temperature at exit of tube are compared with experimental data.
文摘In the last few years,cyber security has been an essential prerequisite for almost every organization to handle the massive number of emerging cyber attacks worldwide.A critical factor in reducing the possibility of being exploited is cyber security awareness.Not only having the adequate knowledge but how to utilize this knowledge to prevent cyber attacks.In this paper we conducted a survey that focuses on three vital security parameters,which are trust,passwords and defensive attitude respectively.The survey mainly aimed at assessing cyber security knowledge of 200 students and 100 faculty members in a Sudanese college and how secure these participants think they are according to their current cyber behaviour.56%of the participants are males and 44%are females.The results revealed that all participants were having fairly-low level of security awareness and their defensive attitude is considerably weak and doesn’t protect them either individually or at institutional-level.Nevertheless,faculty member showed better cyber security knowledge and skills by 8%higher than students.This study can be used to develop training approaches that bridge the security gaps depicted by the respondents of the survey questions manipulated in this study.
文摘The study on scientific analysis and prediction of China’s future carbon emissions is conducive to balancing the relationship between economic development and carbon emissions in the new era,and actively responding to climate change policy.Through the analysis of the application of the generalized regression neural network(GRNN)in prediction,this paper improved the prediction method of GRNN.Genetic algorithm(GA)was adopted to search the optimal smooth factor as the only factor of GRNN,which was then used for prediction in GRNN.During the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions using the improved method,the increments of data were taken into account.The target values were obtained after the calculation of the predicted results.Finally,compared with the results of GRNN,the improved method realized higher prediction accuracy.It thus offers a new way of predicting total carbon dioxide emissions,and the prediction results can provide macroscopic guidance and decision-making reference for China’s environmental protection and trading of carbon emissions.
基金fully supported by Government Research Funds for 2021-2022 Academic Year.
文摘The paper presents the research on self-balancing two-wheels mobile robot control system analysis with experimental studies.The research problem in this work is to stabilize the mobile robot with self-control and to carry the sensitive things without failing in a long span period.The main objective of this study is to focus on the mathematical modelling of mobile robot from laboratory scale to real world applications.The numerical expression with mathematical modelling is very important to control the mobile robot system with linearization.The fundamental concepts of dynamic system stability were utilized for maintaining the stability of the constructed mobile robot system.The controller design is also important for checking the stability and the appropriate controller design is proportional,integral,and derivative-PID controller and Linear Quadratic Regulator(LQR).The steady state error could be reduced by using such kind of PID controller.The simulation of numerical expression on mathematical modeling was conducted in MATLAB environments.The confirmation results from the simulation techniques were applied to construct the hardware design of mobile robot system for practical study.The results from simulation approaches and experimental approaches are matched in various kinds of analyses.The constructed mobile robot system was designed and analyzed in the control system design laboratory of Yangon Technological University(YTU).
文摘This paper proposes algorithm for Increasing Virtual Machine Security Strategy in Cloud Computing computations.Imbalance between load and energy has been one of the disadvantages of old methods in providing server and hosting,so that if two virtual severs be active on a host and energy load be more on a host,it would allocated the energy of other hosts(virtual host)to itself to stay steady and this option usually leads to hardware overflow errors and users dissatisfaction.This problem has been removed in methods based on cloud processing but not perfectly,therefore,providing an algorithm not only will implement a suitable security background but also it will suitably divide energy consumption and load balancing among virtual severs.The proposed algorithm is compared with several previously proposed Security Strategy including SC-PSSF,PSSF and DEEAC.Comparisons show that the proposed method offers high performance computing,efficiency and consumes lower energy in the network.
文摘In order to improve the efficiency of automatic warehouse control system,the experimental platform of stereoscopic warehouse with s7-1500plc is designed.The manipulator is driven by stepper motor and servo motor to realize x,y and Z three-axis space motion.The material transmission system is built by general-purpose G120 inverter.HMI KTP700 realizes control and status monitoring.The materials are identified and classified by RFID sensor and other sensors.TIAV15 software build PROFINET communication and PROFIBUS communication network.Using the GRAPH language programming can improve the visualization degree of application and solve the complex problems of program design and debugging of the warehouse control system.Through the design of hardware and software,a set of complete control system design scheme is formed,which has high practical value and provides an excellent teaching and experiment platform for the intelligent storage system.
基金he International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(Graduate School of Science and Engineering,Chiba University)and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18F18060.
文摘Electrical Impedance Tomography(EIT)as a non-invasive of electrical conductivity imaging method commonly employs the stationary-coefficient based filters(such as FFT)in order to remove the noise signal.In the practical applications,the stationary-coefficient based filters fail to remove the time-varying random noise which leads to the lack of impedance measurement sensitivity.In this paper,the implementation of adaptive noise cancellation(ANC)algorithms which are Least Mean Square(LMS)and Normalized Least Mean Square(NLMS)filters onto Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA)-based EIT system is proposed in order to eliminate the time-varying random noise signal.The proposed method was evaluated through experimental studies with biomaterial phantom.The reconstructed EIT images with NLMS is better than the images with LMS by amplitude response AR=12.5%,position error PE=200%,resolution RES=33%,and shape deformation SD=66%.Moreover,the Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC)performances of power spectral density(PSD)and the effective number of bit ENOB with NLMS is higher than the performances with LMS by SI=5.7%and ENOB=15.4%.The results showed that implementing ANC algorithms onto FPGA-based EIT system shows significantly more accurate image reconstruction as compared without ANC algorithms implementation.
文摘In distribution systems,voltage levels of the various buses should be maintained within the permissible limits for satisfactory operation of all electrical installations and equipment.The task of voltage control is closely associated with fluctuating load conditions and corresponding requirements of reactive power compensation.The problem of load bus voltage optimization in distribution systems that have distributed generation(DG)has recently become an issue.In Oman,the distribution code limits the load bus voltage variations within±6%of the nominal value.Several voltage control methods are employed in active distribution systems with a high share of photovoltaic systems(PV)to keep the voltage levels within the desirable limits.In addition to the constraint of targeting the best voltage profile,another constraint has to be achieved which is the minimum loss in the distribution network.An optimised solution for voltage of load busses with on-load tap-changing(OLTC)tarnsformers and PV sources is presented in this paper.This study addresses the problem of optimizing the injected power from PV systems associated with the facilities of tap-changing transformers,as it is an important means of controlling voltage throughout the system.To avoid violating tap-changing constraints,a method is depicted for determining the minimal changes in transformer taps to control voltage levels with distributed PV sources.The taps of a range+5 to-15%,can be achieved by tap-changing transformers.The OLTC operation was designed to keep the secondary bus within the voltage standard for MV networks.
文摘A more accurate determination for the Probability of Failure on Demand(PFD)of the Safety Instrumented System(SIS)contributes to more SIS realiability,thereby ensuring more safety and lower cost.IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 provide the PFD detemination formulas.However,these formulas suffer from an uncertaity issue due to the inclusion of uncertainty sources,which,including high redundant systems architectures,cannot be assessed,have perfect proof test assumption,and are neglegted in partial stroke testing(PST)of impact on the system PFD.On the other hand,determining the values of PFD variables to achieve the target risk reduction involves daunting efforts and consumes time.This paper proposes a new approach for system PFD determination and PFD variables optimization that contributes to reduce the uncertainty problem.A higher redundant system can be assessed by generalizing the PFD formula into KooN architecture without neglecting the diagnostic coverage factor(DC)and common cause failures(CCF).In order to simulate the proof test effectiveness,the Proof Test Coverage(PTC)factor has been incorporated into the formula.Additionally,the system PFD value has been improved by incorporating PST for the final control element into the formula.The new developed formula is modelled using the Genetic Algorithm(GA)artificial technique.The GA model saves time and effort to examine system PFD and estimate near optimal values for PFD variables.The proposed model has been applicated on SIS design for crude oil test separator using MATLAB.The comparison between the proposed model and PFD formulas provided by IEC 61508 and ISA TR.84.02 showed that the proposed GA model can assess any system structure and simulate industrial reality.Furthermore,the cost and associated implementation testing activities are reduced.
文摘To develop the green polymeric membrane electrolyte,-Polycaprolactone(PCL)was used as a host and the Ionic liquid(IL)(1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate)as a dopant.The IL is a source of mobile charges in the polymer electrolyte system.The composite membrane has been prepared by Hot Press method and then we characterised this membrane for ionic transportation.Formation of nanocomposite system has been ascertained from their XRD pattern.Interaction phenomenon was studied by ATR based FTIR and Laser Raman spectroscopic technique.Variation of conductivity with composition and temperature was studied with the aid of impedance spectroscopy data.
文摘The brush lock is due to assembly tightly during assembling three gripper so that it curls after some time in motor and bare motors.The motor happen to have current decreasing and cause rotary too slowly is an important technique problem.At last the motor hasn’t worked due to disconnection.It give company to bring assembly issue for customers.So the motor stall is main issue in motor working.We shall pay more attention to it necessarily and shall be strict quality inspection and we shall monitor the flow line for the sake of decreasing it.We shall solve the problem as soon as possible and communicate with the customer engineers.Unloaded rotation is radical in the base inspection.The engineer need to negotiate with supplying engineers for the qualified material of brush.Increasing inspection into more times is a method to decrease unqualified brushes.Some experiment method is explained to analyze for customer engineers.Two kinds of motors ie.stepping and asynchronous motor and motors used in future in car is explained to further knowledge to motor’s application.Such as the experiment with torque,voice and electric voltage converter.The pseudo soldering results the slow rotary.The reverse voltage is a reason for a motor to slow rotary even stall.
文摘This paper proposes a robust power system stabilizer(PSS)for a steam synchronous generator in Barka II power station.The PSS should be capable of damping small-disturbance oscillations(inherently existing in power systems due to e.g.load changes,lines switching...etc.)within a certain settling time for different load conditions.Also,the proposed PSS must have the conventional structure and its parameters must not be violated.To achieve this goal,robust control provides many advantages.The suggested controller is tuned by the Kharitonov’s theorem and uses the standard structure employed in industry.The problem is cast into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem to achieve the desired settling time without violating the practical values of the controller parameters.Performance of the robust PSS is evaluated by several simulations in the presence of system uncertainty due to load changes.
文摘Heat transfer from electrical and electronics component is essential for better performance of that electrical system,The maximum heat transfer from that system results long period durability.In most of the system base provided for equipments are very small and placed in a very complicated position.so heat transfer by forced convection is not easy for that purpose.The heat transfer by natural convection is the familiar technique used in electronics cooling;there is huge group of apparatus that lends itself to natural convection.This category consist of stand-alone correspondence such as modems and small computers having an array of printed circuit boards(PCB)accumulate within an area.Natural convection heat transfer in heated horizontal duct drive away heat from the interior surface is offered.The duct is open-ended and round in cross section.The test section is heated by provision of heating coils,where constant wall heat flux mentioned.Heat transfer experiment is carried out for channel of 50 mm.internal diameter and 4 mm thickness with length 600 mm.Ratios of length to diameter of the channel are taken as L/D=12.Wall heat fluxes maintained at q//=300 W/m2 to 3150 W/m2.A methodical investigational record for the local steady state natural convection heat transfer activities is obtained.The wall heating condition on local steady-state heat transfer phenomena are studied.The present experimental data is compared with the existing theoretical and experimental results for the cases of vertical smooth tubes.
文摘Controlling voltage and active or reactive losses are one of the most important issues in each power grid.In this paper,the influence of wind farm and thyristors switched capacitors on the network are considered.TSSC and Wind turbines are one of the significant components of each network.These instruments are also one of the resources of producing active and reactive power.In this study,wind farm and TSSC are already located optimally by Genetic algorithm.This network studied when a fault considered in one of buses.So that,in first step none of wind farm and TSSC are in the power grid.In the second step,both wind farm and TSSC are connected while a short circuit accrues in one of the busses or lines of the network.At the end,it will be observed that using thyristor switched capacitors and wind farm influence the network.So that,the capacity of producing the reactive and active power will be increased and totally the loss of the system will be decreased.Furthermore,the voltage profile will be in a suitable range.
文摘This project is concerned with surface dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),which involve designing the configuration of discharge and experiment,collecting and analysis data from experiment and simulation.Therefore,this report includes the objective of the project and general information of background.It also briefly introduces the history and theory of dielectric barrier discharge.For the experiment how to design the discharge implement and why.Then it will show the experiment in different configurations,and the analysis data collected in experiment also explain the data for finding out the properties of surface dielectric barrier discharge and what the difference between surface discharge and vertical discharge are.High frequency power supplied will be used for viewing the phenomenon of discharge.Compare the spectrums of discharge on dielectric and air discharge.Finally,it is the main conclusions and introduction of the difference of surface dielectric barrier discharge and vertical discharge.There are some conclusions.Discharge voltage increase linearly with applied voltage.Discharge power increase non-linearly with the discharge voltage.The gap of high voltage electrodes will not affect discharge voltage and discharge power.Discharge power increases with the frequency of power supply.Discharge area will expand when the applied voltage increases.
文摘The main goal of the safe power outlet project is to make power outlets smart and integrate it to all old and new electrical wiring of homes and offices to eliminate the costs.Using the designed socket,home and office electrical appliances can be smarten and controlled remotely through wireless technology.The device designed in this project,is a smart power outlet that supports Wi-Fi connection and the user can connect directly to it and control it by the specific mobile application.There is no need for any other interfaces such as a modem or router,and the user can connect directly to the device.This is the innovative part of the project making it different from the conventional power outlets on the market.All home and office appliances running on AC power can be connected to a safe outlet directly and without an interface;they can be controlled via wireless network by mobiles.This device smartens all old and conventional outlets without making any changes in wiring.It also enables the control via Wi-Fi on the outlets.
文摘In this article,we report ferroelectric properties of copper ferrite CuFe2O4 nanoparticles(CFN),Barium ferrite nanoparticles BaFe2O4(BFN)and La substituted barium ferrite Ba0.2La0.8Fe2O4(BLFN)nanoparticles synthesized via hydrothermal technique.The X-Ray diffraction for the synthesized particles reflects the cubic phase formation for CuFe2O4,orthorhombic phase structure for the BaFe2O4 and cubic formation of Ba0.2 La0.8Fe2O4(BLFN).The structural parameters such as crystallite size and micro-strain are computed from XRD and Williamson-Hall(W-H)analysis.The polarization-electric field(P-E)loop studies gave information about the ferroelectric nature of the synthesized samples.It was noticed that the CFN particle has a lossy dielectric nature whereas BFN,BLFN samples exhibit a multiferroic nature.
文摘This paper presents a techno-economic investigation of an integrated rooftop solar PV system for typical home applications in Oman that can reduce the power consumption from the grid and export excess PV generated power back to the gird.Since renewable energy systems design technically depends on the site,this study selects a typical two-story villa(Home),in a site Al-Hamra,Oman.Temperature is one of the critical parameters in this design as it varies widely over the day and from one season to another in Oman.With the effect of temperature variation,the PV system has designed using system models for the required load of the home.The design process has included two main design constraints,such as the available rooftop space and the grid-connection availability for the selected home.This research also evaluates the economic feasibility of the design system considering the energy export tariff as per the Bulk Supply Tariff(BST)scheme in Oman.The design outcome reveals that the designed PV system can supply the load energy requirement in a year.In addition,the rooftop solar PV system can sell surplus energy back to the grid that generates additional revenue for the owner of the system.The economic performance indices such as payback period,internal rate of return,net present value,and profitability index ensure the financial feasibility of the designed rooftop solar PV system for the selected home.
文摘It is known that the power consumption and efficiency of an equipment owes directly to its power factor.The lower the power factor of the equipment the more the energy consumption of such equipment and vice-versa.Hence,the need to develop an equipment to measure accurately the operating power factor of domestic and industrial equipment and appliances[1].The operating principle of this power factor meter design is based on Zero Crossing detection principle,the principle is utilized using Arduino Nano,instrument transformers,LM324 operational amplifier,generic resistor,generic XOR Gate 7488 and 2X16LCD.The input current and voltage signal is taken by the transformers and sent to the op-amp which carries out the zero crossing detection in order to get the time difference after which the microcontroller does the calculation to determine the power factor and the deficit reactive power which is then displayed on an interface[2].
