The Administrative Regulation on the Recall of Defective Motor Vehicles has officially entered into force on October 1st, 2004, which means the management on defective products has made a substantive progress. The ena...The Administrative Regulation on the Recall of Defective Motor Vehicles has officially entered into force on October 1st, 2004, which means the management on defective products has made a substantive progress. The enactment and enforcement of the Administrative Regulation has generated active responses in our society and drawn much attention from the automobile industry. Up to March 2005, there have been 15 domestic and foreign auto manufacturers initiating voluntary recalls since the Administrative Regulation on the Recall of Defective Motor Vehicles was issued in March 2004, and 312864 vehicles have been recalled. All the relevant firms, types, models, numbers and the date are as the following table 1.展开更多
In the process of social development, the importance of highway bridges is self-evident. However, the quality problem in highway bridge construction has always been a hot topic, because it determines the service life ...In the process of social development, the importance of highway bridges is self-evident. However, the quality problem in highway bridge construction has always been a hot topic, because it determines the service life and safety performance of highway bridges. With the acceleration of urbanization, China has become the country with the largest number of all kinds of construction projects in the world. Engineering plays an important role in the urban development of our country, is closely related to our social life, and directly affects the social and economic development and people's living standards. With the increasing number of construction projects, all kinds of engineering quality problems and safety problems also follow. Construction management is the key to ensure the quality and safety of construction projects. In order to successfully complete the construction project, each construction unit must make a detailed overall plan of construction time and quality, coordinate the existing construction resources, and do a good job of division of labor, so as to find and solve the corresponding problems in time, improve the overall design quality of the construction project, and better ensure the smooth implementation of the project . If there are defects in the quality of roads and bridges, there will be huge hidden dangers in people's travel safety, increase the incidence of traffic accidents, cause people's lives and property losses, and increase the social burden. However, there are many branches in highway and bridge project management. As an indispensable link, construction project management is the foundation to ensure the orderly progress of other construction links and the key node to determine the overall project quality.展开更多
Defects formed at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries(GB)of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films considerably limit photovoltaic performance.Such defects could be passivated effectively by the most prevalent post m...Defects formed at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries(GB)of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films considerably limit photovoltaic performance.Such defects could be passivated effectively by the most prevalent post modification strategy without compromising the photoelectric properties of perovskite films,but it is still a great challenge to make this strategy comprehensive to different defects spatially distributed throughout the films.Herein,a spatially selective defect management(SSDM)strategy is developed to roundly passivate various defects at different locations within the perovskite film by a facile one-step treatment procedure using a piperazine-1,4-diium tetrafluoroborate(PZD(BF_(4))_(2))solution.The small-size PZD^(2+)cations could penetrate into the film interior and even make it all the way to the buried interface of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films,while the BF_(4)^(-)anions,with largely different properties from I^(-)anions,mainly anchor on the film surface.Consequently,virtually all the defects at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films are effectively healed,leading to significantly improved film quality,enhanced phase stability,optimized energy level alignment and promoted carrier transport.With these films,the fabricated CsPbI_(3)PSCs based on carbon electrode(C-PSCs)achieve an efficiency of18.27%,which is among the highest-reported values for inorganic C-PSCs,and stability of 500 h at 85℃with 65%efficiency maintenance.展开更多
文摘The Administrative Regulation on the Recall of Defective Motor Vehicles has officially entered into force on October 1st, 2004, which means the management on defective products has made a substantive progress. The enactment and enforcement of the Administrative Regulation has generated active responses in our society and drawn much attention from the automobile industry. Up to March 2005, there have been 15 domestic and foreign auto manufacturers initiating voluntary recalls since the Administrative Regulation on the Recall of Defective Motor Vehicles was issued in March 2004, and 312864 vehicles have been recalled. All the relevant firms, types, models, numbers and the date are as the following table 1.
文摘In the process of social development, the importance of highway bridges is self-evident. However, the quality problem in highway bridge construction has always been a hot topic, because it determines the service life and safety performance of highway bridges. With the acceleration of urbanization, China has become the country with the largest number of all kinds of construction projects in the world. Engineering plays an important role in the urban development of our country, is closely related to our social life, and directly affects the social and economic development and people's living standards. With the increasing number of construction projects, all kinds of engineering quality problems and safety problems also follow. Construction management is the key to ensure the quality and safety of construction projects. In order to successfully complete the construction project, each construction unit must make a detailed overall plan of construction time and quality, coordinate the existing construction resources, and do a good job of division of labor, so as to find and solve the corresponding problems in time, improve the overall design quality of the construction project, and better ensure the smooth implementation of the project . If there are defects in the quality of roads and bridges, there will be huge hidden dangers in people's travel safety, increase the incidence of traffic accidents, cause people's lives and property losses, and increase the social burden. However, there are many branches in highway and bridge project management. As an indispensable link, construction project management is the foundation to ensure the orderly progress of other construction links and the key node to determine the overall project quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875013,U2001217)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2182031)Shenzhen Basic Research(JCYJ20220818101018038)。
文摘Defects formed at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries(GB)of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films considerably limit photovoltaic performance.Such defects could be passivated effectively by the most prevalent post modification strategy without compromising the photoelectric properties of perovskite films,but it is still a great challenge to make this strategy comprehensive to different defects spatially distributed throughout the films.Herein,a spatially selective defect management(SSDM)strategy is developed to roundly passivate various defects at different locations within the perovskite film by a facile one-step treatment procedure using a piperazine-1,4-diium tetrafluoroborate(PZD(BF_(4))_(2))solution.The small-size PZD^(2+)cations could penetrate into the film interior and even make it all the way to the buried interface of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films,while the BF_(4)^(-)anions,with largely different properties from I^(-)anions,mainly anchor on the film surface.Consequently,virtually all the defects at the surface,buried interface and grain boundaries of CsPbI_(3)perovskite films are effectively healed,leading to significantly improved film quality,enhanced phase stability,optimized energy level alignment and promoted carrier transport.With these films,the fabricated CsPbI_(3)PSCs based on carbon electrode(C-PSCs)achieve an efficiency of18.27%,which is among the highest-reported values for inorganic C-PSCs,and stability of 500 h at 85℃with 65%efficiency maintenance.
