This article proves the existence of a hyper-precise global numerical meta-architecture unifying, structuring, binding and controlling the billion triplet codons constituting the sequence of single-stranded DNA of the...This article proves the existence of a hyper-precise global numerical meta-architecture unifying, structuring, binding and controlling the billion triplet codons constituting the sequence of single-stranded DNA of the entire human genome. Beyond the evolution and erratic mutations like transposons within the genome, it’s as if the memory of a fossil genome with multiple symmetries persists. This recalls the “intermingling” of information characterizing the fractal universe of chaos theory. The result leads to a balanced and perfect tuning between the masses of the two strands of the huge DNA molecule that constitute our genome. We show here how codon populations forming the single-stranded DNA sequences can constitute a critical approach to the understanding of junk DNA function. Then, we suggest revisiting certain methods published in our 2009 book “Codex Biogenesis”. In fact, we demonstrate here how the universal genetic code table is a powerful analytical filter to characterize single-stranded DNA sequences constituting chromosomes and genomes. We can then show that any genomic DNA sequence is featured by three numbers, which characterize it and its 64 codon populations with correlations greater than 99%. The number “1” is common to all sequences, expressing the second law of Chargaff. The other 2 numbers are related to each specific DNA sequence case characterizing life species. For example, the entire human genome is characterized by three remarkable numbers 1, 2, and Phi = 1.618 the golden ratio. Associated with each of these three numbers, we can match three axes of symmetry, then “imagine” a kind of hyperspace formed by these codon populations. Then we revisit the value (3-Phi)/2 which is probably universal and common to both the scale of quarks and atomic levels, balancing and tuning the whole human genome codon population. Finally, we demonstrate a new kind of duality between “form and substance” overlapping the whole human genome: we will show that—simultaneously with the duality between genes and junk DNA—there is a second layer of embedded hidden structure overlapping all the DNA of the whole human genome, dividing it into a second type of duality information/redundancy involving golden ratio proportions.展开更多
SDN (Software Defined Network) has many security problems, and DDoS attack is undoubtedly the most serious harm to SDN architecture network. How to accurately and effectively detect DDoS attacks has always been a diff...SDN (Software Defined Network) has many security problems, and DDoS attack is undoubtedly the most serious harm to SDN architecture network. How to accurately and effectively detect DDoS attacks has always been a difficult point and focus of SDN security research. Based on the characteristics of SDN, a DDoS attack detection method combining generalized entropy and PSOBP neural network is proposed. The traffic is pre-detected by the generalized entropy method deployed on the switch, and the detection result is divided into normal and abnormal. Locate the switch that issued the abnormal alarm. The controller uses the PSO-BP neural network to detect whether a DDoS attack occurs by further extracting the flow features of the abnormal switch. Experiments show that compared with other methods, the detection accurate rate is guaranteed while the CPU load of the controller is reduced, and the detection capability is better.展开更多
A new efficient method based on Quadtree Representation and Vector Entropy Coding (QRVEC) for encoding the wavelet transform coefficients of images is presented. In addition, how to flexibly control the coder’ s outp...A new efficient method based on Quadtree Representation and Vector Entropy Coding (QRVEC) for encoding the wavelet transform coefficients of images is presented. In addition, how to flexibly control the coder’ s output bit rate is also investigated.展开更多
We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometr...We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometry with nanometer spatial resolution. Experimental data present fluorescence of many ten thousands of cells, from different parts of body in each population, in various blood samples. Data is presented in histograms as frequency distributions of flashes in the dependence on their intensity. Normalized frequency distribution of information in these histograms is used as probabilistic measure for definition of Shannon entropy. Data analysis shows that for this measure of Shannon entropy common sum of entropy, i.e. total entropy E, for any histogram is invariant and has identical trends of changes all values of E (r) = lnr at reduction of rank r of histogram. This invariance reflects informational homeostasis of chromosomes activity inside cells in multi-scale networks of entropy, for varied ranks r. Shannon entropy in multi-scale DNA networks has much more dense packing of correlations than in “small world” networks. As the rule, networks of entropy differ by the mix of normal D 2 and abnormal D > 2 fractal dimensions for varied ranks r, the new types of fractal patterns and hinges for various topology (fractal dimension) at different states of health. We show that all distributions of information entropy are divided on three classes, which associated in diagnostics with a good health or dominants of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. This classification based on switching of stability at transcritical bifurcation in homeostasis regulation. We defined many ways for homeostasis regulation, coincidences and switching patterns in branching sequences, the averages of Hölder for deviations of entropy from homeostasis at different states of health, with various saturation levels the noises of entropy at activity of all chromosomes in support regulation of homeostasis.展开更多
In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10....In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,https://www.techscience.com/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.展开更多
Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an opto...Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.展开更多
The role of entropy and enthalpy plays an essential key for the formation of an alloy. This paper illustrates how an alloy is to form and what and why the properties of the alloy are going to have by the entropy and e...The role of entropy and enthalpy plays an essential key for the formation of an alloy. This paper illustrates how an alloy is to form and what and why the properties of the alloy are going to have by the entropy and enthalpy effects via a designed enthalpy-entropy plane (EE-plane) based on the Gibbs free energy equation and the introducing a charactering pseudo-unitary lattice (PUL) for entropy alloys. Based on the PUL scheme, the so-called four effects in high entropy alloys are simply nothing but the entropy effect with the other three accompanying effects: the distortion, slow diffusion and cocktail effects.展开更多
In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multi...In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multiple description scalable coding (MDSC) is investigated, and novel MDSC schemes based on 3D wavelet coding are proposed, using the lifting imple- mentation of temporal filtering. The proposed MDSC schemes can avoid the mismatch problem in multiple description video coding, and have high scalability and robustness of video transmission. Experimental results showed that the proposed schemes are feasible and adequately effective.展开更多
A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires m...A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).展开更多
The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;it...The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;its entire –CH3 served instead for building N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine on bacterial DNA and 5-methylcytosine alone on human DNA. In humans, although a slight extra-S asymmetric methylation appeared de novo yielding on parental DNA 5’-m5CpC-3’/ 3’-GpG-5’, 5’-m5CpT-3’/3’-GpA-5’ and 5’-m5CpA-3’/3’-GpT-5’ monomethylated dinucleotide pairs, a heavy symmetric methylation involved in S semiconservatively newly made DNA to guarantee genetic maintenance of –CH3 in 5’-m5CpG-3’/3’-Gpm5C-5’ dimethylated dinucleotide pairs. In this framework, an inverse correlation was found between bulk genomic DNA methylation occurring in S and bulk polyA-containing pre-mRNA transcription taking place in G1 and G2. Thus, probes of 1 × 106 Daltons (constructed using sheared by sonication newly made methylated DNA filaments) revealed a modular organization in genes: after the hypermethylated promoter, they exhibited an alternation of unmethylated coding and methylated uncoding sequences. This encouraged the search for a language that genes regulated by methylation should have in common. An initial deciphering of restriction minimaps with hypomethylatable exons vs. hypermethylatable promoters and introns was improved when the bisulfite technique allowed a direct sequencing of m5C. In lymphocytes, where the transglutaminase gene is inactive, its promoter exhibited two fully methylated CpG-rich domains at 5’ and one fully unmethylated CpG-rich domain at 3’, including the site +1 and a 5’-UTR. At variance, in HUVEC cells, where the transglutaminase gene is active, in the first CpG-rich domain of promoter few doublets lost their –CH3. Such an inverse correlation suggested new hypotheses especially in connection with repair-modification: UV radiation would cause demethylation in given loci of a promoter by chance, whilst even a partial demethylation in this promoter would be able to resume a previously silent pre-mRNA transcription.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux, whose initial data are a function with two pieces of constant and whose boundary data are a con...This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux, whose initial data are a function with two pieces of constant and whose boundary data are a constant function. Under the condition that the flux function has a finite number of weak discontinuous points, by using the structure of weak entropy solution of the corresponding initial value problem and the boundary entropy condition developed by Bardos-Leroux-Nedelec, we give a construction method to the global weak entropy solution for this initial-boundary value problem, and by investigating the interaction of elementary waves and the boundary, we clarify the geometric structure and the behavior of boundary for the weak entropy solution.展开更多
This paper presents a new wavelet transform image coding method. On the basis of a hierarchical wavelet decomposition of images, entropy constrained vector quantization is employed to encode the wavelet coefficients...This paper presents a new wavelet transform image coding method. On the basis of a hierarchical wavelet decomposition of images, entropy constrained vector quantization is employed to encode the wavelet coefficients at all the high frequency bands with展开更多
A method of system structural analysis based on decision making trial and evaluation laboratory together with interpretative structural modeling(DEMATEL-ISM) and entropy is proposed to clarify system structure of comm...A method of system structural analysis based on decision making trial and evaluation laboratory together with interpretative structural modeling(DEMATEL-ISM) and entropy is proposed to clarify system structure of communication networks and analyze mutual influencing degree between different networks.Mutual influencing degree and importance degree of elements are both considered to determine weights of elements,and the entropy of expert judgment results is used to omit unimportant influence relation and simplify system structure.Structural analysis on communication networks system shows that the proposed method can quantificationally present weights and mutual influencing degree of elements,and reasonably simplify system structure.The results indicate the rationality and feasibility of the method.展开更多
This paper presents not only practical but also instructive mathematical models to simulate tree network formation using the Poisson equation and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). Then, the implications for entropic...This paper presents not only practical but also instructive mathematical models to simulate tree network formation using the Poisson equation and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). Then, the implications for entropic theories are discussed from the viewpoint of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP). According to the MEP principle, open systems existing in the state far from equilibrium are stabilized when entropy production is maximized, creating dissipative structures with low entropy such as the tree-shaped network. We prepare two simulation models: one is the Poisson equation model that simulates the state far from equilibrium, and the other is the Laplace equation model that simulates the isolated state or the state near thermodynamic equilibrium. The output of these equations is considered to be positively correlated to entropy production of the system. Setting the Poisson equation model so that entropy production is maximized, tree network formation is advanced. We suppose that this is due to the invocation of the MEP principle, that is, entropy of the system is lowered by emitting maximal entropy out of the system. On the other hand, tree network formation is not observed in the Laplace equation model. Our simulation results will offer the persuasive evidence that certifies the effect of the MEP principle.展开更多
The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal plays a key role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Substantial data is generated by the EEG recordings of ambulatory recording systems, and detection of epileptic activity requires a ...The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal plays a key role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Substantial data is generated by the EEG recordings of ambulatory recording systems, and detection of epileptic activity requires a time-consuming analysis of the complete length of the EEG time series data by a neurology expert. A variety of automatic epilepsy detection systems have been developed during the last ten years. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a recently-proposed statistical measure parameter regarded as Sample Entropy (SampEn), as a method of feature extraction to the task of classifying three different kinds of EEG signals (normal, interictal and ictal) and detecting epileptic seizures. It is known that the value of the SampEn falls suddenly during an epileptic seizure and this fact is utilized in the proposed diagnosis system. Two different kinds of classification models, back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and the recently-developed extreme learning machine (ELM) are tested in this study. Results show that the proposed automatic epilepsy detection system which uses sample entropy (SampEn) as the only input feature, together with extreme learning machine (ELM) classification model, not only achieves high classification accuracy (95.67%) but also very fast speed.展开更多
Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define...Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.展开更多
Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information ...Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.展开更多
This paper deals with the MIMO-OFDM technique that is applied to the fourth generation (4G) of the wireless communication systems, this technique can provide high data rate transmission without increasing transmit pow...This paper deals with the MIMO-OFDM technique that is applied to the fourth generation (4G) of the wireless communication systems, this technique can provide high data rate transmission without increasing transmit power and expanding bandwidth, it can also efficiently use space resources and has a bright future. It presents the channel coding assisted STBC-OFDM systems, and employs the Coded Modulation techniques (CM), since the signal bandwidth available for wireless communications is limited. The proposed system deals with Non-binary error control coding of the TCM-aided STBC-OFDM scheme for transmissions over the Rayleigh channel. A new non-binary decoding method, Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm, is designed and implemented for decoding non-binary convolutional codes, which is based on the trellis diagram representing the convolutional encoder. Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm outperforms the Viterbi algorithm and other algorithms in its simplicity, very small computational complexity, decoding reliability for high states TCM codes that are suitable for Fourth-Generation (4G), decreasing errors with increasing word length, and easy to implement with real-time applications. The simulation results show that the performance of the non-binary TCM-based Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm-assisted STBC-OFDM scheme outperforms the binary and non-binary decoding methods.展开更多
Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By comb...Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method’s sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98-19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method’s ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.展开更多
The joint roughness coefficient(JRC) is one of the key parameters for evaluating the shear strength of rock joints.Because of the scale effect in the JRC,reliable JRC values are of great importance for most rock engin...The joint roughness coefficient(JRC) is one of the key parameters for evaluating the shear strength of rock joints.Because of the scale effect in the JRC,reliable JRC values are of great importance for most rock engineering projects.During the collection process of JRC samples,the redundancy or insufficiency of representative rock joint surface topography(RJST) information in serial length JRC samples is the essential reason that affects the reliability of the scale effect results.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive sampling method,in which we use the entropy consistency measure Q(a) to evaluate the consistency of the joint morphology information contained in adjacent JRC samples.Then the sampling interval is automatically adjusted according to the threshold Q(at) of the entropy consistency measure to ensure that the degree of change of RJST information between JRC samples is the same,and ultimately makes the representative RJST information in the collected JRC samples more balanced.The application results of actual cases show that the proposed method can obtain the scale effect in the JRC efficiently and reliably.展开更多
文摘This article proves the existence of a hyper-precise global numerical meta-architecture unifying, structuring, binding and controlling the billion triplet codons constituting the sequence of single-stranded DNA of the entire human genome. Beyond the evolution and erratic mutations like transposons within the genome, it’s as if the memory of a fossil genome with multiple symmetries persists. This recalls the “intermingling” of information characterizing the fractal universe of chaos theory. The result leads to a balanced and perfect tuning between the masses of the two strands of the huge DNA molecule that constitute our genome. We show here how codon populations forming the single-stranded DNA sequences can constitute a critical approach to the understanding of junk DNA function. Then, we suggest revisiting certain methods published in our 2009 book “Codex Biogenesis”. In fact, we demonstrate here how the universal genetic code table is a powerful analytical filter to characterize single-stranded DNA sequences constituting chromosomes and genomes. We can then show that any genomic DNA sequence is featured by three numbers, which characterize it and its 64 codon populations with correlations greater than 99%. The number “1” is common to all sequences, expressing the second law of Chargaff. The other 2 numbers are related to each specific DNA sequence case characterizing life species. For example, the entire human genome is characterized by three remarkable numbers 1, 2, and Phi = 1.618 the golden ratio. Associated with each of these three numbers, we can match three axes of symmetry, then “imagine” a kind of hyperspace formed by these codon populations. Then we revisit the value (3-Phi)/2 which is probably universal and common to both the scale of quarks and atomic levels, balancing and tuning the whole human genome codon population. Finally, we demonstrate a new kind of duality between “form and substance” overlapping the whole human genome: we will show that—simultaneously with the duality between genes and junk DNA—there is a second layer of embedded hidden structure overlapping all the DNA of the whole human genome, dividing it into a second type of duality information/redundancy involving golden ratio proportions.
基金supported by the Hebei Province Innovation Capacity Improvement Program of China under Grant No.179676278Dthe Ministry of Education Fund Project of China under Grant No.2017A20004
文摘SDN (Software Defined Network) has many security problems, and DDoS attack is undoubtedly the most serious harm to SDN architecture network. How to accurately and effectively detect DDoS attacks has always been a difficult point and focus of SDN security research. Based on the characteristics of SDN, a DDoS attack detection method combining generalized entropy and PSOBP neural network is proposed. The traffic is pre-detected by the generalized entropy method deployed on the switch, and the detection result is divided into normal and abnormal. Locate the switch that issued the abnormal alarm. The controller uses the PSO-BP neural network to detect whether a DDoS attack occurs by further extracting the flow features of the abnormal switch. Experiments show that compared with other methods, the detection accurate rate is guaranteed while the CPU load of the controller is reduced, and the detection capability is better.
文摘A new efficient method based on Quadtree Representation and Vector Entropy Coding (QRVEC) for encoding the wavelet transform coefficients of images is presented. In addition, how to flexibly control the coder’ s output bit rate is also investigated.
文摘We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometry with nanometer spatial resolution. Experimental data present fluorescence of many ten thousands of cells, from different parts of body in each population, in various blood samples. Data is presented in histograms as frequency distributions of flashes in the dependence on their intensity. Normalized frequency distribution of information in these histograms is used as probabilistic measure for definition of Shannon entropy. Data analysis shows that for this measure of Shannon entropy common sum of entropy, i.e. total entropy E, for any histogram is invariant and has identical trends of changes all values of E (r) = lnr at reduction of rank r of histogram. This invariance reflects informational homeostasis of chromosomes activity inside cells in multi-scale networks of entropy, for varied ranks r. Shannon entropy in multi-scale DNA networks has much more dense packing of correlations than in “small world” networks. As the rule, networks of entropy differ by the mix of normal D 2 and abnormal D > 2 fractal dimensions for varied ranks r, the new types of fractal patterns and hinges for various topology (fractal dimension) at different states of health. We show that all distributions of information entropy are divided on three classes, which associated in diagnostics with a good health or dominants of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. This classification based on switching of stability at transcritical bifurcation in homeostasis regulation. We defined many ways for homeostasis regulation, coincidences and switching patterns in branching sequences, the averages of Hölder for deviations of entropy from homeostasis at different states of health, with various saturation levels the noises of entropy at activity of all chromosomes in support regulation of homeostasis.
文摘In the article“Silencing of the long non-coding RNA LINC00265 triggers autophagy and apoptosis in lung cancer by reducing protein stability of SIN3A oncogene”(Oncology Research.2024,Vol.32,No.7,pp.1185–1195.doi:10.32604/or.2023.030771,https://www.techscience.com/or/v32n7/57163),an inadvertent error occurred during the compilation of Fig.3H.This needed corrections to ensure the accuracy and integrity of the data presented.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Grant funded by the Korea Government(NRF-2020R1C1C1005505 and NRF-2022R1F1A106519512).
文摘Developing a portable yet affordable method for the discrimination of chemical substances with good sensitivity and selectivity is essential for on-site visual detection of unknown substances.Herein,we propose an optofluidic paper-based analytical device(PAD)that consists of a macromolecule-driven flow(MDF)gate and photonic crystal(PhC)coding units,enabling portable and scalable detection and discrimination of various organic chemical,mimicking the olfactory system.The MDF gate is designed for precise flow control of liquid analytes,which depends on intermolecular interactions between the polymer at the MDF gate and the liquid analytes.Subsequently,the PhC coding unit allows for visualizing the result obtained from the MDF gate and generating differential optical patterns.We fabricate an optofluidic PAD by integrating two coding units into a three-dimensional(3D)microfluidic paper within a 3D-printed cartridge.The optofluidic PADs clearly distinguish 11 organic chemicals with digital readout of pattern recognition from colorimetric signals.We believe that our optofluidic coding strategy mimicking the olfactory system opens up a wide range of potential applications in colorimetric monitoring of chemicals observed in environment.
文摘The role of entropy and enthalpy plays an essential key for the formation of an alloy. This paper illustrates how an alloy is to form and what and why the properties of the alloy are going to have by the entropy and enthalpy effects via a designed enthalpy-entropy plane (EE-plane) based on the Gibbs free energy equation and the introducing a charactering pseudo-unitary lattice (PUL) for entropy alloys. Based on the PUL scheme, the so-called four effects in high entropy alloys are simply nothing but the entropy effect with the other three accompanying effects: the distortion, slow diffusion and cocktail effects.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (No. 60472100), the Natural Science Foundation of ZhejiangProvince (Nos. RC01057, Y105577, 601017), the Ningbo Scienceand Technology Project (Nos. 2003A61001, 2004A610001,2004A630002), and the Zhejiang Science and Technology Project(No. 2004C31105), China
文摘In this work, a new method to deal with the unconnected pixels in motion compensated temporal filtering (MCTF) is presented, which is designed to improve the performance of 3D lifted wavelet coding. Furthermore, multiple description scalable coding (MDSC) is investigated, and novel MDSC schemes based on 3D wavelet coding are proposed, using the lifting imple- mentation of temporal filtering. The proposed MDSC schemes can avoid the mismatch problem in multiple description video coding, and have high scalability and robustness of video transmission. Experimental results showed that the proposed schemes are feasible and adequately effective.
基金The Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality ( No 06DZ15013,No03DZ15010)
文摘A novel low-complexity iterative receiver for multiuser space frequency block coding (SFBC) system was proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector, which requires matrix inversion at each iteration, the soft-in soft-out (SISO) detector is simply a parallel interference cancellation (PIC)-matched filter (MF) operation. The probability density function (PDF) of PIC-MF detector output is approximated as Gaussian, whose variance is calculated with a priori information fed back from the channel decoder. With this approximation, the log likelihood ratios (LLRs) of transmitted bits are under-estimated. Then the LLRs are multiplied by a constant factor to achieve a performance gain. The constant factor is optimized according to extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart of the SISO detector. Simulation results show that the proposed iterative receiver can significantly improve the system performance and converge to the matched filter bound (MFB) with low computational complexity at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs).
文摘The pathways leading to synthesis and post-synthetic modification of DNA employed methionine as donor of atoms: the carbon that came from its –CH3 served for DNA replication and repair either in bacteria or humans;its entire –CH3 served instead for building N6-methyladenine and 5-methylcytosine on bacterial DNA and 5-methylcytosine alone on human DNA. In humans, although a slight extra-S asymmetric methylation appeared de novo yielding on parental DNA 5’-m5CpC-3’/ 3’-GpG-5’, 5’-m5CpT-3’/3’-GpA-5’ and 5’-m5CpA-3’/3’-GpT-5’ monomethylated dinucleotide pairs, a heavy symmetric methylation involved in S semiconservatively newly made DNA to guarantee genetic maintenance of –CH3 in 5’-m5CpG-3’/3’-Gpm5C-5’ dimethylated dinucleotide pairs. In this framework, an inverse correlation was found between bulk genomic DNA methylation occurring in S and bulk polyA-containing pre-mRNA transcription taking place in G1 and G2. Thus, probes of 1 × 106 Daltons (constructed using sheared by sonication newly made methylated DNA filaments) revealed a modular organization in genes: after the hypermethylated promoter, they exhibited an alternation of unmethylated coding and methylated uncoding sequences. This encouraged the search for a language that genes regulated by methylation should have in common. An initial deciphering of restriction minimaps with hypomethylatable exons vs. hypermethylatable promoters and introns was improved when the bisulfite technique allowed a direct sequencing of m5C. In lymphocytes, where the transglutaminase gene is inactive, its promoter exhibited two fully methylated CpG-rich domains at 5’ and one fully unmethylated CpG-rich domain at 3’, including the site +1 and a 5’-UTR. At variance, in HUVEC cells, where the transglutaminase gene is active, in the first CpG-rich domain of promoter few doublets lost their –CH3. Such an inverse correlation suggested new hypotheses especially in connection with repair-modification: UV radiation would cause demethylation in given loci of a promoter by chance, whilst even a partial demethylation in this promoter would be able to resume a previously silent pre-mRNA transcription.
文摘This paper is concerned with the initial-boundary value problem of scalar conservation laws with weak discontinuous flux, whose initial data are a function with two pieces of constant and whose boundary data are a constant function. Under the condition that the flux function has a finite number of weak discontinuous points, by using the structure of weak entropy solution of the corresponding initial value problem and the boundary entropy condition developed by Bardos-Leroux-Nedelec, we give a construction method to the global weak entropy solution for this initial-boundary value problem, and by investigating the interaction of elementary waves and the boundary, we clarify the geometric structure and the behavior of boundary for the weak entropy solution.
文摘This paper presents a new wavelet transform image coding method. On the basis of a hierarchical wavelet decomposition of images, entropy constrained vector quantization is employed to encode the wavelet coefficients at all the high frequency bands with
基金Project(20141996018)supported by Aerospace Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012JZ8005)supported by the Natural Science Fundamental Research Planned Project of Shanxi Province,China
文摘A method of system structural analysis based on decision making trial and evaluation laboratory together with interpretative structural modeling(DEMATEL-ISM) and entropy is proposed to clarify system structure of communication networks and analyze mutual influencing degree between different networks.Mutual influencing degree and importance degree of elements are both considered to determine weights of elements,and the entropy of expert judgment results is used to omit unimportant influence relation and simplify system structure.Structural analysis on communication networks system shows that the proposed method can quantificationally present weights and mutual influencing degree of elements,and reasonably simplify system structure.The results indicate the rationality and feasibility of the method.
文摘This paper presents not only practical but also instructive mathematical models to simulate tree network formation using the Poisson equation and the Finite Difference Method (FDM). Then, the implications for entropic theories are discussed from the viewpoint of Maximum Entropy Production (MEP). According to the MEP principle, open systems existing in the state far from equilibrium are stabilized when entropy production is maximized, creating dissipative structures with low entropy such as the tree-shaped network. We prepare two simulation models: one is the Poisson equation model that simulates the state far from equilibrium, and the other is the Laplace equation model that simulates the isolated state or the state near thermodynamic equilibrium. The output of these equations is considered to be positively correlated to entropy production of the system. Setting the Poisson equation model so that entropy production is maximized, tree network formation is advanced. We suppose that this is due to the invocation of the MEP principle, that is, entropy of the system is lowered by emitting maximal entropy out of the system. On the other hand, tree network formation is not observed in the Laplace equation model. Our simulation results will offer the persuasive evidence that certifies the effect of the MEP principle.
文摘The electroencephalogram (EEG) signal plays a key role in the diagnosis of epilepsy. Substantial data is generated by the EEG recordings of ambulatory recording systems, and detection of epileptic activity requires a time-consuming analysis of the complete length of the EEG time series data by a neurology expert. A variety of automatic epilepsy detection systems have been developed during the last ten years. In this paper, we investigate the potential of a recently-proposed statistical measure parameter regarded as Sample Entropy (SampEn), as a method of feature extraction to the task of classifying three different kinds of EEG signals (normal, interictal and ictal) and detecting epileptic seizures. It is known that the value of the SampEn falls suddenly during an epileptic seizure and this fact is utilized in the proposed diagnosis system. Two different kinds of classification models, back-propagation neural network (BPNN) and the recently-developed extreme learning machine (ELM) are tested in this study. Results show that the proposed automatic epilepsy detection system which uses sample entropy (SampEn) as the only input feature, together with extreme learning machine (ELM) classification model, not only achieves high classification accuracy (95.67%) but also very fast speed.
文摘Applying the I-Theory, this paper gives a new outlook about the concept of Entropy and Negentropy. Using S∞ particle as 100% repelling energy and A1 particle as the starting point of attraction, we are able to define Entropy and Negentropy on the quantum level. As the I-Theory explains that repulsion force is driven by Weak Force and attraction is driven by Strong Force, we also analyze Entropy and Negentropy in terms of the Fundamental Forces.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2024YFE0200600the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR23F010005the Huawei Cooperation Project under Grant No.TC20240829036。
文摘Along with the proliferating research interest in semantic communication(Sem Com),joint source channel coding(JSCC)has dominated the attention due to the widely assumed existence in efficiently delivering information semantics.Nevertheless,this paper challenges the conventional JSCC paradigm and advocates for adopting separate source channel coding(SSCC)to enjoy a more underlying degree of freedom for optimization.We demonstrate that SSCC,after leveraging the strengths of the Large Language Model(LLM)for source coding and Error Correction Code Transformer(ECCT)complemented for channel coding,offers superior performance over JSCC.Our proposed framework also effectively highlights the compatibility challenges between Sem Com approaches and digital communication systems,particularly concerning the resource costs associated with the transmission of high-precision floating point numbers.Through comprehensive evaluations,we establish that assisted by LLM-based compression and ECCT-enhanced error correction,SSCC remains a viable and effective solution for modern communication systems.In other words,separate source channel coding is still what we need.
文摘This paper deals with the MIMO-OFDM technique that is applied to the fourth generation (4G) of the wireless communication systems, this technique can provide high data rate transmission without increasing transmit power and expanding bandwidth, it can also efficiently use space resources and has a bright future. It presents the channel coding assisted STBC-OFDM systems, and employs the Coded Modulation techniques (CM), since the signal bandwidth available for wireless communications is limited. The proposed system deals with Non-binary error control coding of the TCM-aided STBC-OFDM scheme for transmissions over the Rayleigh channel. A new non-binary decoding method, Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm, is designed and implemented for decoding non-binary convolutional codes, which is based on the trellis diagram representing the convolutional encoder. Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm outperforms the Viterbi algorithm and other algorithms in its simplicity, very small computational complexity, decoding reliability for high states TCM codes that are suitable for Fourth-Generation (4G), decreasing errors with increasing word length, and easy to implement with real-time applications. The simulation results show that the performance of the non-binary TCM-based Yaletharatalhussein decoding algorithm-assisted STBC-OFDM scheme outperforms the binary and non-binary decoding methods.
文摘Current study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method’s sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98-19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method’s ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42207175)。
文摘The joint roughness coefficient(JRC) is one of the key parameters for evaluating the shear strength of rock joints.Because of the scale effect in the JRC,reliable JRC values are of great importance for most rock engineering projects.During the collection process of JRC samples,the redundancy or insufficiency of representative rock joint surface topography(RJST) information in serial length JRC samples is the essential reason that affects the reliability of the scale effect results.Therefore,this paper proposes an adaptive sampling method,in which we use the entropy consistency measure Q(a) to evaluate the consistency of the joint morphology information contained in adjacent JRC samples.Then the sampling interval is automatically adjusted according to the threshold Q(at) of the entropy consistency measure to ensure that the degree of change of RJST information between JRC samples is the same,and ultimately makes the representative RJST information in the collected JRC samples more balanced.The application results of actual cases show that the proposed method can obtain the scale effect in the JRC efficiently and reliably.
