Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a populat...Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.展开更多
Catalase is an enzyme that scavenges hydrogen peroxide in the body and has the role of protecting the organism from oxidative stress. Since catalase activity is associated with various diseases, including diabetes, sk...Catalase is an enzyme that scavenges hydrogen peroxide in the body and has the role of protecting the organism from oxidative stress. Since catalase activity is associated with various diseases, including diabetes, skin diseases like vitiligo, renal failure, and heart failure, it is important to measure its activity. However, it has been difficult to accurately evaluate catalase activity alone, because there are other substances in vivo, such as iron ions, that decompose hydrogen peroxide in addition to catalase. To solve this problem, we conducted a study to develop a method to correctly measure catalase activity from samples containing impurities with hydrogen peroxide removal activity. In this study, catalase inhibitors were added to bovine catalase solution, ferric chloride solution, cell lysates of control cells and experimentally generated catalase knockdown cells (CAT KD), and these mixtures were reacted with hydrogen peroxide to determine the percentage of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the reaction solution after a certain time. The catalase inhibitors used, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and sodium azide (NaN3), inhibited the removal of hydrogen peroxide by bovine catalase at a high rate in in-vitro experiments. However, these catalase inhibitors did not inhibit hydrogen peroxide removal in the Fenton reaction of iron ion and hydrogen peroxide in in-vitro experiments. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide removal by cell lysate was inhibited by the addition of 3-AT or NaN3. The inhibitory effect was equivalent or superior to that of CAT KD cells, in which catalase was experimentally knocked down. These results suggested that 3-AT and NaN3 specifically inhibit hydrogen peroxide removal of catalase. Through these studies, we found that when cell lysate with a catalase inhibitor was mixed with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide that was not removed by catalase inhibition remained in the test tube after a certain time, and this residual hydrogen peroxide reflected the hydrogen peroxide removal activity of catalase. By measuring this unremoved hydrogen peroxide, it was possible to evaluate catalase activity from samples containing impurities that have hydrogen peroxide removal properties.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material ...[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material and Na2HPO4-HCl in buffer solution（pH=7.2）as system,spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of potato extract at 480nm,the curve was established,and the activity of tyrosinase was obtained.[Result] The changes of data were little under the above conditions,and the stability of tyrosinase activity was high.[Conclusion] Using spectrophotometry to determine the tyrosinase activity in potato is simple with high accuracy.展开更多
Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-...Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.展开更多
Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has ...Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement.Here,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is reported.The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree.LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)series.The reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts.Besides,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability.Furthermore,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree.The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction.This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.展开更多
Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pP...Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.展开更多
Understanding the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately determine the horizontal stress magnitude.To investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stre...Understanding the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately determine the horizontal stress magnitude.To investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress,the three-dimensional(3D)stress tensors at 89 measuring points determined using an improved overcoring technique in nine mines in China were adopted,a newly defined characteristic parameter C_(ERP)was proposed as an indicator for evaluating the structural properties of rock masses,and a fuzzy relation matrix was established using the information distribution method.The results indicate that both the vertical stress and horizontal stress exhibit a good linear growth relationship with depth.There is no remarkable correlation between the elastic modulus,Poisson's ratio and depth,and the distribution of data points is scattered and messy.Moreover,there is no obvious relationship between the rock quality designation(RQD)and depth.The maximum horizontal stress σ_(H) is a function of rock properties,showing a certain linear relationship with the C_(ERP)at the same depth.In addition,the overall change trend of σ_(H) determined by the established fuzzy identification method is to increase with the increase of C_(ERP).The fuzzy identification method also demonstrates a relatively detailed local relationship betweenσ_H and C_(ERP),and the predicted curve rises in a fluctuating way,which is in accord well with the measured stress data.展开更多
This article is part of the ongoing study of the moderate geomagnetic activity of corotation. The aim here is to examine ionospheric anomalies through variations in Total Electronic Content (TEC) recorded at the Koudo...This article is part of the ongoing study of the moderate geomagnetic activity of corotation. The aim here is to examine ionospheric anomalies through variations in Total Electronic Content (TEC) recorded at the Koudougou GPS station over solar cycle 24 during periods of corotation activity. Through the diurnal variations by solar phase, we observed a TEC peak at 14:00 TL. The TEC data analysed revealed winter, annual and semi-annual anomalies. However, the equinoctial anomaly was insignificant during corotation activity at the Koudougou station during solar cycle 24.展开更多
Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interfe...Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.展开更多
To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bisp...To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bispyridylanthrahydrazone(9,10‑PAH)were designed and synthesized.Utilizing 9‑PAH and 9,10‑PAH as promising anticancer ligands,their respective copper complexes,namely[Cu(L1)Cl_(2)]Cl(1)and{[Cu_(4)(μ_(2)‑Cl)_(3)Cl_(4)(9,10‑PAH)_(2)(DMSO)_(2)]Cl_(2)}_(n)(2),were subsequently synthesized,where the new ligand L1 is formed by coupling two 9‑PAH ligands in the coordination reaction.The chemical and crystal structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by IR,MS,elemental analysis,and single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction.Complex 1 forms a mononuclear structure.L1 coordinates with Cu through its three N atoms,together with two Cl atoms,to form a five‑coordinated square pyramidal geometry.Complex 2 constitutes a polymeric structure,wherein each structural unit centrosymmetrically encompasses two five‑coordinated binuclear copper complexes(Cu1,Cu2)of 9,10‑PAH,with similar square pyramidal geometry.A chlorine atom(Cl_(2)),located at the symmetry center,bridges Cu1 and Cu1A to connect the two binuclear copper structures.Meanwhile,the two five‑coordinated Cu2 atoms symmetrically bridge the adjacent structural units via one coordinated Cl atom,respectively,thus forming a 1D chain‑like polymeric structure.In vitro anticancer activity assessments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity even higher than cisplatin.Specifically,the IC_(50)values of 2 against HeLa‑229 and SK‑OV‑3 cancer cell lines were determined to be(5.92±0.32)μmol·L^(-1)and(6.48±0.39)μmol·L^(-1),respectively.2 could also block the proliferation of HeLa‑229 cells in S phase and significantly induce cell apoptosis.In addition,fluorescence quenching competition experiments suggested that 2 might interact with DNA by an intercalative binding mode,offering insights into its underlying anticancer mechanism.CCDC:2388918,1;2388919,2.展开更多
The concept of finite null subtractivity of fuzzy measure is introduced. The relations among the several kinds of convergences for sequence of measurable function are discussed by using the new structural characteris...The concept of finite null subtractivity of fuzzy measure is introduced. The relations among the several kinds of convergences for sequence of measurable function are discussed by using the new structural characteristic of fuzzy measure. Egoroff's theorem is further generalized on fuzzy measure space.展开更多
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescen...Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.展开更多
Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy densi...Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy density.However,the all-solid-state batteries with nickel-rich oxide cathodes suffer from performance degradation due to the reactions between the highly reactive surface oxygen of the cathode and the electrolyte,as well as the instability of the bulk oxygen structure in the cathode.Herein,we propose a synergistic modification design scheme to adjust the oxygen activity from surface to bulk.The LiBO_(2)coating inhibits the reactivity of surface lattice oxygen ions.Meanwhile,Zr doping in the bulk phase forms strong Zr-O covalent bonds that stabilize the bulk lattice oxygen structure.The synergistic effect of these modifications prevents the release of oxygen,thus avoiding the degradation of the cathode/SE interface.Additionally,the regulation of surface-to-bulk oxygen activity establishes a highly stable interface,thereby enhancing the lithium ion diffusion kinetics and mechanical stability of the cathode.Consequently,cathodes modified with this synergistic strategy exhibit outstanding performance in sulfide-based ASSLBs,including an ultra-long cycle life of 100,000 cycles,ultra-high rate capability at 45C,and 85% high active material content in the composite cathode.Additionally,ASSLB exhibits stable cycling under high loading conditions of 82.82 mg cm^(-2),achieving an areal capacity of 17.90 mA h cm^(-2).These encouraging results pave the way for practical applications of ASSLBs in fast charging,long cycle life,and high energy density in the future.展开更多
The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts....The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.展开更多
A pseudo-cone in ℝ^(n) is a nonempty closed convex set K not containing the origin and such thatλK⊆K for allλ≥1.It is called a C-pseudo-cone if C is its recession cone,where C is a pointed closed convex cone with i...A pseudo-cone in ℝ^(n) is a nonempty closed convex set K not containing the origin and such thatλK⊆K for allλ≥1.It is called a C-pseudo-cone if C is its recession cone,where C is a pointed closed convex cone with interior points.The cone-volume measure of a pseudo-cone can be defined similarly as for convex bodies,but it may be infinite.After proving a necessary condition for cone-volume measures of C-pseudo-cones,we introduce suitable weights for cone-volume measures,yielding finite measures.Then we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a Borel measure on the unit sphere to be the weighted cone-volume measure of some C-pseudo-cone.展开更多
This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis...This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis based on 36 sets of generalized fuzzy numbers was performed, in which the degree of similarity of the fuzzy numbers was calculated with the proposed method and seven methods established by previous studies in the literature. The results of the analytical comparison show that the proposed similarity outperforms the existing methods by overcoming their drawbacks and yielding accurate outcomes in all calculations of similarity measures under consideration. Finally, in a numerical example that involves recommending cars to customers based on a nine-member linguistic term set, the proposed similarity measure proves to be competent in addressing fuzzy number recommendation problems.展开更多
The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a pati...The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.展开更多
Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long...Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long term,a well-structured investment allocation fuels industrial innovation and upgrading,laying a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.展开更多
To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical S...To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical Standards to implement relevant deployments and mechanism cons truc tion, based on the current situation of railway standards system and standards management.展开更多
Double-difference locations of forerunning shocks of seismic magnitude, M, 2 to 6 are examined in the months to decades before 11 mainshocks in California of magnitude 6 and larger. Each of the 11 had large quiet zone...Double-difference locations of forerunning shocks of seismic magnitude, M, 2 to 6 are examined in the months to decades before 11 mainshocks in California of magnitude 6 and larger. Each of the 11 had large quiet zones beforehand, which are called asperities, that break nearly entirely in large mainshocks. Their surrounding 11 zones were all sites of small to moderate-size shocks that define the approximate magnitudes of the coming large event. The latter, donuts of activity, are places to examine for precursory changes years to decades before larger earthquakes. The quiet asperities and many sites at the earth’s surface are not good places to monitor precursory changes before large mainshocks. Detecting forerunning events to large future earthquakes requires monitoring the right places. A few possible precursory changes are identified and discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2501500)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82171476)。
文摘Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.
文摘Catalase is an enzyme that scavenges hydrogen peroxide in the body and has the role of protecting the organism from oxidative stress. Since catalase activity is associated with various diseases, including diabetes, skin diseases like vitiligo, renal failure, and heart failure, it is important to measure its activity. However, it has been difficult to accurately evaluate catalase activity alone, because there are other substances in vivo, such as iron ions, that decompose hydrogen peroxide in addition to catalase. To solve this problem, we conducted a study to develop a method to correctly measure catalase activity from samples containing impurities with hydrogen peroxide removal activity. In this study, catalase inhibitors were added to bovine catalase solution, ferric chloride solution, cell lysates of control cells and experimentally generated catalase knockdown cells (CAT KD), and these mixtures were reacted with hydrogen peroxide to determine the percentage of hydrogen peroxide remaining in the reaction solution after a certain time. The catalase inhibitors used, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and sodium azide (NaN3), inhibited the removal of hydrogen peroxide by bovine catalase at a high rate in in-vitro experiments. However, these catalase inhibitors did not inhibit hydrogen peroxide removal in the Fenton reaction of iron ion and hydrogen peroxide in in-vitro experiments. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide removal by cell lysate was inhibited by the addition of 3-AT or NaN3. The inhibitory effect was equivalent or superior to that of CAT KD cells, in which catalase was experimentally knocked down. These results suggested that 3-AT and NaN3 specifically inhibit hydrogen peroxide removal of catalase. Through these studies, we found that when cell lysate with a catalase inhibitor was mixed with hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen peroxide that was not removed by catalase inhibition remained in the test tube after a certain time, and this residual hydrogen peroxide reflected the hydrogen peroxide removal activity of catalase. By measuring this unremoved hydrogen peroxide, it was possible to evaluate catalase activity from samples containing impurities that have hydrogen peroxide removal properties.
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the activity of tyrosinase,so as to provide reference for preventing browning of potatoes as well as fruits and vegetables containing tyrosinase.[Method] With potato as raw material and Na2HPO4-HCl in buffer solution（pH=7.2）as system,spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of potato extract at 480nm,the curve was established,and the activity of tyrosinase was obtained.[Result] The changes of data were little under the above conditions,and the stability of tyrosinase activity was high.[Conclusion] Using spectrophotometry to determine the tyrosinase activity in potato is simple with high accuracy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32371065(to CL)and 32170950(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010899(to CL)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Nos.2023A4J0578 and 2024A03J0180(to CW)。
文摘Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22471103,22425105,22201111,21931001,22221001,and 22271124)+5 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)the Special Fund Project of Guiding Scientific and Technological Innovation Development of Gansu Province(2019ZX-04)the 111 Project(B20027)as well as the National Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(22JR5RA470)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2023-eyt03)supported by the Agency for Science,Technology and Research(A*STAR)MTC Individual Research Grants(IRG)M22K2c0078.
文摘Water splitting hinges crucially on the availability of electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction.The surface reconstruction has been widely observed in perovskite catalysts,and the reconstruction degree has been often correlated with the activity enhancement.Here,a systematic study on the roles of Fe substitution in activation of perovskite LaNiO_(3)is reported.The substituting Fe content influences both current change tendency and surface reconstruction degree.LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)is found exhibiting a volcano-peak intrinsic activity in both pristine and reconstructed among all substituted perovskites in the LaNi_(1-x)Fe_(x)O_(3)(x=0.00,0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75,1.00)series.The reconstructed LaNi_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(3)shows a higher intrinsic activity than most reported NiFe-based catalysts.Besides,density functional theory calculations reveal that Fe substitution can lower the O 2p level,which thus stabilize lattice oxygen in LaNi0.9Fe0.1O3 and ensure its long-term stability.Furthermore,it is vital interesting that activity of the reconstructed catalysts relied more on the surface chemistry rather than the reconstruction degree.The effect of Fe on the degree of surface reconstruction of the perovskite is decoupled from that on its activity enhancement after surface reconstruction.This finding showcases the importance to customize the surface chemistry of reconstructed catalysts for water oxidation.
基金supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University(QU-APC-2024-9/1).
文摘Due to the numerous variables to take into account as well as the inherent ambiguity and uncertainty,evaluating educational institutions can be difficult.The concept of a possibility Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set(pPyFHSS)is more flexible in this regard than other theoretical fuzzy set-like models,even though some attempts have been made in the literature to address such uncertainties.This study investigates the elementary notions of pPyFHSS including its set-theoretic operations union,intersection,complement,OR-and AND-operations.Some results related to these operations are also modified for pPyFHSS.Additionally,the similarity measures between pPyFHSSs are formulated with the assistance of numerical examples and results.Lastly,an intelligent decision-assisted mechanism is developed with the proposal of a robust algorithm based on similarity measures for solving multi-attribute decision-making(MADM)problems.A case study that helps the decision-makers assess the best educational institution is discussed to validate the suggested system.The algorithmic results are compared with the most pertinent model to evaluate the adaptability of pPyFHSS,as it generalizes the classical possibility fuzzy set-like theoretical models.Similarly,while considering significant evaluating factors,the flexibility of pPyFHSS is observed through structural comparison.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52204084)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and safe Mining,CUMT,China(No.SKLCRSM 23KF004)+3 种基金the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities),China(No.FRF-IDRY-GD22-002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Youth Teacher International Exchange and Growth Program,China(No.QNXM20220009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2905600 and 2022 YFC3004601)the Science,Technology&Innovation Project of Xiongan New Area,China(No.2023XAGG0061)。
文摘Understanding the mechanical properties of the lithologies is crucial to accurately determine the horizontal stress magnitude.To investigate the correlation between the rock mass properties and maximum horizontal stress,the three-dimensional(3D)stress tensors at 89 measuring points determined using an improved overcoring technique in nine mines in China were adopted,a newly defined characteristic parameter C_(ERP)was proposed as an indicator for evaluating the structural properties of rock masses,and a fuzzy relation matrix was established using the information distribution method.The results indicate that both the vertical stress and horizontal stress exhibit a good linear growth relationship with depth.There is no remarkable correlation between the elastic modulus,Poisson's ratio and depth,and the distribution of data points is scattered and messy.Moreover,there is no obvious relationship between the rock quality designation(RQD)and depth.The maximum horizontal stress σ_(H) is a function of rock properties,showing a certain linear relationship with the C_(ERP)at the same depth.In addition,the overall change trend of σ_(H) determined by the established fuzzy identification method is to increase with the increase of C_(ERP).The fuzzy identification method also demonstrates a relatively detailed local relationship betweenσ_H and C_(ERP),and the predicted curve rises in a fluctuating way,which is in accord well with the measured stress data.
文摘This article is part of the ongoing study of the moderate geomagnetic activity of corotation. The aim here is to examine ionospheric anomalies through variations in Total Electronic Content (TEC) recorded at the Koudougou GPS station over solar cycle 24 during periods of corotation activity. Through the diurnal variations by solar phase, we observed a TEC peak at 14:00 TL. The TEC data analysed revealed winter, annual and semi-annual anomalies. However, the equinoctial anomaly was insignificant during corotation activity at the Koudougou station during solar cycle 24.
文摘Objective Magnetoencephalography(MEG),a non-invasive neuroimaging technique,meticulously captures the magnetic fields emanating from brain electrical activity.Compared with MEG based on superconducting quantum interference devices(SQUID),MEG based on optically pump magnetometer(OPM)has the advantages of higher sensitivity,better spatial resolution and lower cost.However,most of the current studies are clinical studies,and there is a lack of animal studies on MEG based on OPM technology.Pain,a multifaceted sensory and emotional phenomenon,induces intricate alterations in brain activity,exhibiting notable sex differences.Despite clinical revelations of pain-related neuronal activity through MEG,specific properties remain elusive,and comprehensive laboratory studies on pain-associated brain activity alterations are lacking.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammatory pain(induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(CFA))on brain activity in a rat model using the MEG technique,to analysis changes in brain activity during pain perception,and to explore sex differences in pain-related MEG signaling.Methods This study utilized adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.Inflammatory pain was induced via intraplantar injection of CFA(100μl,50%in saline)in the left hind paw,with control groups receiving saline.Pain behavior was assessed using von Frey filaments at baseline and 1 h post-injection.For MEG recording,anesthetized rats had an OPM positioned on their head within a magnetic shield,undergoing two 15-minute sessions:a 5-minute baseline followed by a 10-minute mechanical stimulation phase.Data analysis included artifact removal and time-frequency analysis of spontaneous brain activity using accumulated spectrograms,generating spectrograms focused on the 4-30 Hz frequency range.Results MEG recordings in anesthetized rats during resting states and hind paw mechanical stimulation were compared,before and after saline/CFA injections.Mechanical stimulation elevated alpha activity in both male and female rats pre-and post-saline/CFA injections.Saline/CFA injections augmented average power in both sexes compared to pre-injection states.Remarkably,female rats exhibited higher average spectral power 1 h after CFA injection than after saline injection during resting states.Furthermore,despite comparable pain thresholds measured by classical pain behavioral tests post-CFA treatment,female rats displayed higher average power than males in the resting state after CFA injection.Conclusion These results imply an enhanced perception of inflammatory pain in female rats compared to their male counterparts.Our study exhibits sex differences in alpha activities following CFA injection,highlighting heightened brain alpha activity in female rats during acute inflammatory pain in the resting state.Our study provides a method for OPM-based MEG recordings to be used to study brain activity in anaesthetized animals.In addition,the findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of pain-related neural activity and pain sex differences.
文摘To expand the study on the structures and biological activities of the anthracyclines anticancer drugs and reduce their toxic side effects,the new anthraquinone derivatives,9‑pyridylanthrahydrazone(9‑PAH)and 9,10‑bispyridylanthrahydrazone(9,10‑PAH)were designed and synthesized.Utilizing 9‑PAH and 9,10‑PAH as promising anticancer ligands,their respective copper complexes,namely[Cu(L1)Cl_(2)]Cl(1)and{[Cu_(4)(μ_(2)‑Cl)_(3)Cl_(4)(9,10‑PAH)_(2)(DMSO)_(2)]Cl_(2)}_(n)(2),were subsequently synthesized,where the new ligand L1 is formed by coupling two 9‑PAH ligands in the coordination reaction.The chemical and crystal structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by IR,MS,elemental analysis,and single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction.Complex 1 forms a mononuclear structure.L1 coordinates with Cu through its three N atoms,together with two Cl atoms,to form a five‑coordinated square pyramidal geometry.Complex 2 constitutes a polymeric structure,wherein each structural unit centrosymmetrically encompasses two five‑coordinated binuclear copper complexes(Cu1,Cu2)of 9,10‑PAH,with similar square pyramidal geometry.A chlorine atom(Cl_(2)),located at the symmetry center,bridges Cu1 and Cu1A to connect the two binuclear copper structures.Meanwhile,the two five‑coordinated Cu2 atoms symmetrically bridge the adjacent structural units via one coordinated Cl atom,respectively,thus forming a 1D chain‑like polymeric structure.In vitro anticancer activity assessments revealed that 1 and 2 showed significant cytotoxicity even higher than cisplatin.Specifically,the IC_(50)values of 2 against HeLa‑229 and SK‑OV‑3 cancer cell lines were determined to be(5.92±0.32)μmol·L^(-1)and(6.48±0.39)μmol·L^(-1),respectively.2 could also block the proliferation of HeLa‑229 cells in S phase and significantly induce cell apoptosis.In addition,fluorescence quenching competition experiments suggested that 2 might interact with DNA by an intercalative binding mode,offering insights into its underlying anticancer mechanism.CCDC:2388918,1;2388919,2.
文摘The concept of finite null subtractivity of fuzzy measure is introduced. The relations among the several kinds of convergences for sequence of measurable function are discussed by using the new structural characteristic of fuzzy measure. Egoroff's theorem is further generalized on fuzzy measure space.
文摘Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise worldwide and in developing countries like Botswana. Unhealthy eating habits and lack of proper nutrition knowledge cause non-communicable diseases and affect adolescents. It is in adolescence that eating habits are formed that persist till adulthood. Lifestyle interventions are needed to curb NCDs in adolescents. This paper reports the findings of a study that aimed to validate a lifestyle intervention program and its effect on food intake, physical activity, and nutrition knowledge. It was a clustered randomized control trial study conducted in four (4) junior secondary schools. There were 46 participants, 21 in the control and 25 in the intervention arm, who were blindly assigned to each arm by a statistician. Information and skills on nutrition were imparted using the Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills model. The program was implemented for eight (8) weeks hourly after school. A questionnaire was used to collect data pre- and post-intervention. Number, proportion, percentage, and independent t-test (mean and SD or median and IQR, p-value) were calculated using numerical and categorical data. The findings showed that the lifestyle intervention was valid, and there was a slight decrease in the intake of sweets among participants in both trial arms (p = 0.066). There was no significant difference in terms of food intake. Only a small number of participants still ate a few fruits, and there was no change in vegetable intake in both trial arms (p = 0.641). There was no change in the intake of fried foods in both trail arms (p = 0.402). Regarding nutrition knowledge, there was a slight significant difference of p = 0.079 between the trial arms. Though the effect of the lifestyle intervention program was not statistically significant, the results are promising, especially if the duration could be increased to a longer period and a larger sample size included.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52474338,22109084 and 52304338)the Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program (2024JK2093,2023GK2016)supported in part by the High Performance Computing Center of Central South University.
文摘Sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs) with nickel-rich oxide cathodes are emerging as primary contenders for the next generation rechargeable batteries,owing to their superior safety and energy density.However,the all-solid-state batteries with nickel-rich oxide cathodes suffer from performance degradation due to the reactions between the highly reactive surface oxygen of the cathode and the electrolyte,as well as the instability of the bulk oxygen structure in the cathode.Herein,we propose a synergistic modification design scheme to adjust the oxygen activity from surface to bulk.The LiBO_(2)coating inhibits the reactivity of surface lattice oxygen ions.Meanwhile,Zr doping in the bulk phase forms strong Zr-O covalent bonds that stabilize the bulk lattice oxygen structure.The synergistic effect of these modifications prevents the release of oxygen,thus avoiding the degradation of the cathode/SE interface.Additionally,the regulation of surface-to-bulk oxygen activity establishes a highly stable interface,thereby enhancing the lithium ion diffusion kinetics and mechanical stability of the cathode.Consequently,cathodes modified with this synergistic strategy exhibit outstanding performance in sulfide-based ASSLBs,including an ultra-long cycle life of 100,000 cycles,ultra-high rate capability at 45C,and 85% high active material content in the composite cathode.Additionally,ASSLB exhibits stable cycling under high loading conditions of 82.82 mg cm^(-2),achieving an areal capacity of 17.90 mA h cm^(-2).These encouraging results pave the way for practical applications of ASSLBs in fast charging,long cycle life,and high energy density in the future.
文摘The concept of emissivity has been with the scientific and engineering world since Planck formulated his blackbody radiation law more than a century ago.Nevertheless,emissivity is an elusive concept even for ex⁃perts.It is a vague and fuzzy concept for the wider community of engineers.The importance of remote sensing of temperature by measuring IR radiation has been recognized in a wide range of industrial,medical,and environ⁃mental uses.One of the major sources of errors in IR radiometry is the emissivity of the surface being measured.In real experiments,emissivity may be influenced by many factors:surface texture,spectral properties,oxida⁃tion,and aging of surfaces.While commercial blackbodies are prevalent,the much-needed grey bodies with a known emissivity,are unavailable.This study describes how to achieve a calibrated and stable emissivity with a blackbody,a perforated screen,and a reliable and linear novel IR thermal sensor,18 dubbed TMOS.The Digital TMOS is now a low-cost commercial product,it requires low power,and it has a small form factor.The method⁃ology is based on two-color measurements,with two different optical filters,with selected wavelengths conform⁃ing to the grey body definition of the use case under study.With a photochemically etched perforated screen,the effective emissivity of the screen is simply the hole density area of the surface area that emits according to the blackbody temperature radiation.The concept is illustrated with ray tracing simulations,which demonstrate the approach.Measured results are reported.
文摘A pseudo-cone in ℝ^(n) is a nonempty closed convex set K not containing the origin and such thatλK⊆K for allλ≥1.It is called a C-pseudo-cone if C is its recession cone,where C is a pointed closed convex cone with interior points.The cone-volume measure of a pseudo-cone can be defined similarly as for convex bodies,but it may be infinite.After proving a necessary condition for cone-volume measures of C-pseudo-cones,we introduce suitable weights for cone-volume measures,yielding finite measures.Then we provide a necessary and sufficient condition for a Borel measure on the unit sphere to be the weighted cone-volume measure of some C-pseudo-cone.
文摘This study presents a new approach that advances the algorithm of similarity measures between generalized fuzzy numbers. Following a brief introduction to some properties of the proposed method, a comparative analysis based on 36 sets of generalized fuzzy numbers was performed, in which the degree of similarity of the fuzzy numbers was calculated with the proposed method and seven methods established by previous studies in the literature. The results of the analytical comparison show that the proposed similarity outperforms the existing methods by overcoming their drawbacks and yielding accurate outcomes in all calculations of similarity measures under consideration. Finally, in a numerical example that involves recommending cars to customers based on a nine-member linguistic term set, the proposed similarity measure proves to be competent in addressing fuzzy number recommendation problems.
文摘The critical role of patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs)in enhancing clinical decision-making and promoting patient-centered care has gained a profound significance in scientific research.PROMs encapsulate a patient's health status directly from their perspective,encompassing various domains such as symptom severity,functional status,and overall quality of life.By integrating PROMs into routine clinical practice and research,healthcare providers can achieve a more nuanced understanding of patient experiences and tailor treatments accordingly.The deployment of PROMs supports dynamic patient-provider interactions,fostering better patient engagement and adherence to tre-atment plans.Moreover,PROMs are pivotal in clinical settings for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy,particularly in chronic and mental health conditions.However,challenges in implementing PROMs include data collection and management,integration into existing health systems,and acceptance by patients and providers.Overcoming these barriers necessitates technological advancements,policy development,and continuous education to enhance the acceptability and effectiveness of PROMs.The paper concludes with recommendations for future research and policy-making aimed at optimizing the use and impact of PROMs across healthcare settings.
文摘Investment remains a cornerstone of China’s economic resilience amid global headwinds and structural transitions.In the short term,it drives sectoral growth,creates jobs,and stabilizes economic momentum.Over the long term,a well-structured investment allocation fuels industrial innovation and upgrading,laying a solid foundation for sustainable economic development.
文摘To address the standardization demands of the railway industry under the new circumstances,the National Railway Administration revised current regulations, and issued the Measures for Management of Railway Technical Standards to implement relevant deployments and mechanism cons truc tion, based on the current situation of railway standards system and standards management.
文摘Double-difference locations of forerunning shocks of seismic magnitude, M, 2 to 6 are examined in the months to decades before 11 mainshocks in California of magnitude 6 and larger. Each of the 11 had large quiet zones beforehand, which are called asperities, that break nearly entirely in large mainshocks. Their surrounding 11 zones were all sites of small to moderate-size shocks that define the approximate magnitudes of the coming large event. The latter, donuts of activity, are places to examine for precursory changes years to decades before larger earthquakes. The quiet asperities and many sites at the earth’s surface are not good places to monitor precursory changes before large mainshocks. Detecting forerunning events to large future earthquakes requires monitoring the right places. A few possible precursory changes are identified and discussed.
