Heart failure is common in adult population,accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease,hypertension,obesity,diabetes mellitus,chron...Heart failure is common in adult population,accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease,hypertension,obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pulmonary diseases,family history of cardiovascular diseases,cardiotoxic therapy.The main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart failure.In the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics.A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients,but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the"ideal biomarker."A single marker will hardly perform well for screening,diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic management purposes.Moreover,the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation,stage,and severity of the disease.The authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes,based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction,including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction.One could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse remodeling.This article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.展开更多
Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a severe inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by widespread pustules,edema,erythema,fever,and systemic inflammation.Chinese data indicate that the prevalence and incidence...Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a severe inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by widespread pustules,edema,erythema,fever,and systemic inflammation.Chinese data indicate that the prevalence and incidence of GPP follow a bimodal age distribution,with peaks in the 0–3 year age group and the 30–39 year age group.1 In the 0–3 year age group,the prevalence was 0.927 and the incidence rate was 0.742 per 100000 population-years.1 Interleukin(IL)-36 plays an important role in GPP by activating nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathways.2 Chemokines(CXCL8,CXCL1,CXCL2,etc.),cytokines(IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor TNF-α,IL-6,IL-23,IL-17,etc.),and activated cells(e.g.,keratinocyte,neutrophils,dendritic cells,etc.)are also involved.3 Acitretin,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and etanercept were recommended as first-line treatments for children with GPP in 2012 by the American National Psoriasis Foundation.4 However,recent findings suggest that biological agents targeting IL-36,TNF-α,IL-17,IL-23,or their receptors might be more promising options than conventional drugs.5 Clinical trials and case series have also demonstrated the superiority of biological agents in adult and older pediatrics with GPP,including spesolimab,etanercept,adalimumab,secukinumab,brodalumab,and others.6 However,these biological agents,have only been approved by the FDA for children aged 4 years or older,and there is still limited data on their use in GPP patients under 4 years old.展开更多
基金supported by the grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(agreement 075-15-2020-800)。
文摘Heart failure is common in adult population,accounting for substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide.The main risk factors for heart failure are coronary artery disease,hypertension,obesity,diabetes mellitus,chronic pulmonary diseases,family history of cardiovascular diseases,cardiotoxic therapy.The main factor associated with poor outcome of these patients is constant progression of heart failure.In the current review we present evidence on the role of established and candidate neurohumoral biomarkers for heart failure progression management and diagnostics.A growing number of biomarkers have been proposed as potentially useful in heart failure patients,but not one of them still resembles the characteristics of the"ideal biomarker."A single marker will hardly perform well for screening,diagnostic,prognostic,and therapeutic management purposes.Moreover,the pathophysiological and clinical significance of biomarkers may depend on the presentation,stage,and severity of the disease.The authors cover main classification of heart failure phenotypes,based on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction,including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,heart failure with reduced ejection fraction,and the recently proposed category heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction.One could envisage specific sets of biomarker with different performances in heart failure progression with different left ventricular ejection fraction especially as concerns prediction of the future course of the disease and of left ventricular adverse/reverse remodeling.This article is intended to provide an overview of basic and additional mechanisms of heart failure progression will contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathogenesis.
基金National Key R&D Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFC2508101Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan,Grant/Award Number:DFI20241201
文摘Generalized pustular psoriasis(GPP)is a severe inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by widespread pustules,edema,erythema,fever,and systemic inflammation.Chinese data indicate that the prevalence and incidence of GPP follow a bimodal age distribution,with peaks in the 0–3 year age group and the 30–39 year age group.1 In the 0–3 year age group,the prevalence was 0.927 and the incidence rate was 0.742 per 100000 population-years.1 Interleukin(IL)-36 plays an important role in GPP by activating nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathways.2 Chemokines(CXCL8,CXCL1,CXCL2,etc.),cytokines(IL-1β,tumor necrosis factor TNF-α,IL-6,IL-23,IL-17,etc.),and activated cells(e.g.,keratinocyte,neutrophils,dendritic cells,etc.)are also involved.3 Acitretin,cyclosporine,methotrexate,and etanercept were recommended as first-line treatments for children with GPP in 2012 by the American National Psoriasis Foundation.4 However,recent findings suggest that biological agents targeting IL-36,TNF-α,IL-17,IL-23,or their receptors might be more promising options than conventional drugs.5 Clinical trials and case series have also demonstrated the superiority of biological agents in adult and older pediatrics with GPP,including spesolimab,etanercept,adalimumab,secukinumab,brodalumab,and others.6 However,these biological agents,have only been approved by the FDA for children aged 4 years or older,and there is still limited data on their use in GPP patients under 4 years old.
