Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)provide intelligent navigation and efficient route management,resulting in time savings and cost reductions in the transportation sector.However,the exchange of beacons and messages ov...Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)provide intelligent navigation and efficient route management,resulting in time savings and cost reductions in the transportation sector.However,the exchange of beacons and messages over public channels among vehicles and roadside units renders these networks vulnerable to numerous attacks and privacy violations.To address these challenges,several privacy and security preservation protocols based on blockchain and public key cryptography have been proposed recently.However,most of these schemes are limited by a long execution time and massive communication costs,which make them inefficient for on-board units(OBUs).Additionally,some of them are still susceptible to many attacks.As such,this study presents a novel protocol based on the fusion of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)and bilinear pairing(BP)operations.The formal security analysis is accomplished using the Burrows–Abadi–Needham(BAN)logic,demonstrating that our scheme is verifiably secure.The proposed scheme’s informal security assessment also shows that it provides salient security features,such as non-repudiation,anonymity,and unlinkability.Moreover,the scheme is shown to be resilient against attacks,such as packet replays,forgeries,message falsifications,and impersonations.From the performance perspective,this protocol yields a 37.88%reduction in communication overheads and a 44.44%improvement in the supported security features.Therefore,the proposed scheme can be deployed in VANETs to provide robust security at low overheads.展开更多
Currently, there is a growing belief that putting an IEEE 802.11-like radio into road vehicles can help the drivers to travel more safely. Message dissemination protocols are primordial for safety vehicular applicatio...Currently, there is a growing belief that putting an IEEE 802.11-like radio into road vehicles can help the drivers to travel more safely. Message dissemination protocols are primordial for safety vehicular applications. There are two types of safety messages which may be exchanged between vehicles: alarm and beacon. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of deploying safety applications based on beacon message dissemination through extensive simulation study and pay special attention to the safety requirements. Vehicles are supposed to issue these messages periodically to announce to other vehicles their current situation and use received messages for preventing possible unsafe situations. We evaluate the performance of a single-hop dissemination protocol while taking into account the quality of service (QoS) metrics like delivery rate and delay. We realize that reliability is the main concern in beacon message dissemination. Thus, a new metric named effective range is defined which gives us more accurate facility for evaluating QoS in safety applications specifically. Then, in order to improve the performance, the effects of three parameters including vehicle's transmission range, message transmission's interval time and message payload size are studied. Due to special characteristics of the safety applications, we model the relationship between communication-level QoS and application-level QoS and evaluate them for different classes of safety applications. As a conclusion, the current technology of IEEE 802.11 MAC layer has still some challenges for automatic safety applications but it can provide acceptable QoS to driver assistance safety applications.展开更多
With the rapid development of vehicular ad hoc network( VANET) technology,VANET applications such as safe driving and emergency rescue demand high position accuracy,but traditional GPS is difficult to meet new accurac...With the rapid development of vehicular ad hoc network( VANET) technology,VANET applications such as safe driving and emergency rescue demand high position accuracy,but traditional GPS is difficult to meet new accuracy requirements. To overcome this limitation,a new vehicle positioning method based on radio frequency identification( RFID) is proposed. First RFID base stations are divided into three categories using fuzzy technology,and then Chan algorithm is used to calculate three vehicles' positions,which are weighed to acquire vehicles' accurate position. This method can effectively overcome the problem that vehicle positioning accuracy is not high resulting from the factors such as ambient noise and base distribution when Chan algorithm is used. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to Chan algorithm and 2-step algorithm based on averaging method,which can satisfy the requirements of vehicle positioning in VANETs.展开更多
There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ...There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) due to the increase in vehicular traffic/congestions around us. Vehicular communication is very important as technology has evolved. The research of VANET and development of proposed systems and implementation would increase safety among road users and improve the comfort for the corresponding passengers, drivers and also other road users, and a great improvement in the traffic efficiency would be achieved. This research paper investigates the current and existing security issues associated with the VANET and exposes any slack amongst them in order to lighten possible problem domains in this field.展开更多
In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), store-carry-forward approach may be used for data sharing, where moving vehicles carry and exchange data when they go by each other. In this approach, storage resource in a vehic...In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), store-carry-forward approach may be used for data sharing, where moving vehicles carry and exchange data when they go by each other. In this approach, storage resource in a vehicle is generally limited. Therefore, attributes of data that have to be stored in vehicles are an important factor in order to efficiently distribute desired data. In VANETs, there are different types of data which depend on the time and location. Such kind of data cannot be deployed adequately to the requesting vehicles only by popularity-based rule. In this paper, we propose a data distribution method that takes into account the effective life and area in addition to popularity of data. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate drastic improvements on acquisition performance of the time and area specific data.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks in free-flow traffic situation with channel randonmess. In order to illustrate the realistic environment, we consider that vehicles are distr...In this paper, we investigate the connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks in free-flow traffic situation with channel randonmess. In order to illustrate the realistic environment, we consider that vehicles are distributed in free-flow highway according to a Poisson point process, and signal propagation between connected vehicles is subjected to log-normal shadowing effects. We obtain the distribution of the space headway between successive vehicles and the distribution of signal coverage, which allows us to use the equivalent M/G/z~ queue theory to model the connectivity of VANETs in the form of average broadcast percolation distance and average number of connected nodes. Then, extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the obtained results. The analytical model presented here is able to describe the impact of various system parameters, including traffic parameters and signal propagation parameters on the con- nectivity. We use our analytical results, along with the common signal propagation data, to understand impact of channel randomness on the connectivity of VANETs.展开更多
This paper studies a routing protocol used in the application of collecting real-time traffic information using mobile vehicles to monitor traffic status. The biggest challenge of vehicular ad hoe network routing prot...This paper studies a routing protocol used in the application of collecting real-time traffic information using mobile vehicles to monitor traffic status. The biggest challenge of vehicular ad hoe network routing protocol lies in the mismatch between the direction of moving vehicles and routed data. In order to deal with this mismatch, a mesh based routing protocol with a two-tier network architecture is proposed. By using mesh nodes deployed at intersections, data can be routed through an optimized path which can improve the delivery ratio and reduce the consumption of network resources. The simulation uses the mobility model processed from the GPS data of taxis mnning in Shanghai urban areas. The result shows that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing flooding protocol.展开更多
As Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) become more sophisticated, the importance of integrating data protection and cybersecurity is increasingly evident. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation into the challe...As Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) become more sophisticated, the importance of integrating data protection and cybersecurity is increasingly evident. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation into the challenges and solutions associated with the privacy implications within VANETs, rooted in an intricate landscape of cross-jurisdictional data protection regulations. Our examination underscores the unique nature of VANETs, which, unlike other ad-hoc networks, demand heightened security and privacy considerations due to their exposure to sensitive data such as vehicle identifiers, routes, and more. Through a rigorous exploration of pseudonymization schemes, with a notable emphasis on the Density-based Location Privacy (DLP) method, we elucidate the potential to mitigate and sometimes sidestep the heavy compliance burdens associated with data protection laws. Furthermore, this paper illuminates the cybersecurity vulnerabilities inherent to VANETs, proposing robust countermeasures, including secure data transmission protocols. In synthesizing our findings, we advocate for the proactive adoption of protective mechanisms to facilitate the broader acceptance of VANET technology while concurrently addressing regulatory and cybersecurity hurdles.展开更多
Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are ch...Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units （RSUs）. From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.展开更多
针对车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Network,VANET)中车辆跨密码系统通信过程中的隐私泄露问题,提出了一种格基异构签密方案.首先,方案实现了无证书密码系统(Certificateless Cryptosystem,CLC)的车辆与基于身份密码系统(Identity-Ba...针对车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Network,VANET)中车辆跨密码系统通信过程中的隐私泄露问题,提出了一种格基异构签密方案.首先,方案实现了无证书密码系统(Certificateless Cryptosystem,CLC)的车辆与基于身份密码系统(Identity-Based Cryptosystem,IBC)的车辆相互通信;其次利用签密的机密性和可认证性防止车辆用户在跨密码系统通信过程中发生隐私泄露,并实现了接收方对消息完整性以及发送方身份合法性的认证;最后在随机预言机模型下证明了方案在适应性选择密文攻击下具有不可区分性(Indistinguishability against adaptive Chosen Cipher Text Attack,IND-CCA2),在适应性选择消息攻击下具有存在性不可伪造性(Existential Unforgeability against adaptive Chosen Messages Attack,EUF-CMA).性能分析表明,与其他方案相比,本文方案在计算开销、通信开销和安全性方面具有一定优势,适用于车辆跨密码系统通信的场景.展开更多
Extensive investigation has been performed in location-centric or geocast routing protocols for reliable and efficient dissemination of information in Vehicular Adhoc Networks （VANETs）. Various location-centric rout...Extensive investigation has been performed in location-centric or geocast routing protocols for reliable and efficient dissemination of information in Vehicular Adhoc Networks （VANETs）. Various location-centric routing protocols have been suggested in literature for road safety ITS applications considering urban and highway traffic environment. This paper characterizes vehicular environments based on real traffic data and investigates the evolution of location-centric data dissemination. The current study is carded out with three main objectives： （i） to analyze the impact of dynamic traffic environment on the design of data dissemination techniques, （ii） to characterize location-centric data dissemination in terms of functional and qualitative behavior of protocols, properties, and strengths and weaknesses, and （iii） to find some future research directions in information dissemination based on location. Vehicular traffic environments have been classified into three categories based on physical characteristics such as speed, inter-vehicular distance, neighborhood stability, traffic volume, etc. Real traffic data is considered to analyze on-road traffic environments based on the measurement of physical parameters and weather conditions. Design issues are identified in incorporating physical parameters and weather conditions into data dissemination. Functional and qualitative characteristics of location-centric techniques are explored considering urban and highway environments. Comparative analysis of location-centric techniques is carded out for both urban and highway environments individually based on some unique and common characteristics of the environments. Finally, some future research directions are identified in the area based on the detailed investigation of traffic environments and location-centric data dissemination techniques.展开更多
In this paper,a reliability enhanced and density adaptive data disseminating scheme is proposed for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs).The distributed on demand inquiring and responding mechanism is employed to get nod...In this paper,a reliability enhanced and density adaptive data disseminating scheme is proposed for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs).The distributed on demand inquiring and responding mechanism is employed to get nodes' connectivity information.The announcing-listening process is also designed to find the nodes with bigger additional degree to rebroadcast,by which the relaying node is selected freely from density's influence.Simultaneously,a reliability parameter is designed to choose redundant relays for each hop.According to the importance of the broadcast,the parameter is set by the source node properly.Simulation results show that the scheme has achieved good performances such as low forwarding ratio,short latency and low load.The broadcast coverage ratio is ensured against the influence of key link errors and relaying nodes failure by paying suitable additional communication.展开更多
Vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） that use the IEEE 802.11p communication standard face a number of challenges, not least when it comes to safety messages on the VANET control channel （CCH） where short delay time...Vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） that use the IEEE 802.11p communication standard face a number of challenges, not least when it comes to safety messages on the VANET control channel （CCH） where short delay times and reliable delivery are of pri- mary importance. In this paper we propose a vehicular machine-to-machine （VM2M） overlay network that uses Long Term Evolu- tion （LTE） physical random access channel （PRACH） to emulate VANET CCH. The overlay network uses dedicated preambles to separate vehicular traffic from regular LTE traffic and a cartier sense multiple access with collision avoidance （CSMA-CA） layer similar to the one used in IEEE 802.15.4 to avoid the four step handshake and the overhead it incurs. The performance of the pro- posed overlay is evaluated under a wide range of PRACH parameters which conform to the scenarios with high vehicle velocities and large distances between roadside units （RSUs） that may be encountered in rural areas and on highways.展开更多
After presenting weaknesses of several classic routing protocols applied in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） by a qualitative comparison, this paper proposes a novel self-adaptive routing protocol, named ARPP. Wit...After presenting weaknesses of several classic routing protocols applied in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） by a qualitative comparison, this paper proposes a novel self-adaptive routing protocol, named ARPP. With respect to the specific characteristics of VANETs, the proposed routing protocol adopts a dynamic topology establishment and time-varying control message sending mechanism. A direction-based forwarding strategy and a specific warning solution enhance the routing performance in ARPP. Simulation results show that the ARPP protocol outperforms the classic AODV in urban vehicle environment.展开更多
Image steganography is a technique of concealing confidential information within an image without dramatically changing its outside look.Whereas vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs),which enable vehicles to communicate w...Image steganography is a technique of concealing confidential information within an image without dramatically changing its outside look.Whereas vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs),which enable vehicles to communicate with one another and with roadside infrastructure to enhance safety and traffic flow provide a range of value-added services,as they are an essential component of modern smart transportation systems.VANETs steganography has been suggested by many authors for secure,reliable message transfer between terminal/hope to terminal/hope and also to secure it from attack for privacy protection.This paper aims to determine whether using steganography is possible to improve data security and secrecy in VANET applications and to analyze effective steganography techniques for incorporating data into images while minimizing visual quality loss.According to simulations in literature and real-world studies,Image steganography proved to be an effectivemethod for secure communication on VANETs,even in difficult network conditions.In this research,we also explore a variety of steganography approaches for vehicular ad-hoc network transportation systems like vector embedding,statistics,spatial domain(SD),transform domain(TD),distortion,masking,and filtering.This study possibly shall help researchers to improve vehicle networks’ability to communicate securely and lay the door for innovative steganography methods.展开更多
基金supported by Teaching Reform Project of Shenzhen University of Technology under Grant No.20231016.
文摘Vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)provide intelligent navigation and efficient route management,resulting in time savings and cost reductions in the transportation sector.However,the exchange of beacons and messages over public channels among vehicles and roadside units renders these networks vulnerable to numerous attacks and privacy violations.To address these challenges,several privacy and security preservation protocols based on blockchain and public key cryptography have been proposed recently.However,most of these schemes are limited by a long execution time and massive communication costs,which make them inefficient for on-board units(OBUs).Additionally,some of them are still susceptible to many attacks.As such,this study presents a novel protocol based on the fusion of elliptic curve cryptography(ECC)and bilinear pairing(BP)operations.The formal security analysis is accomplished using the Burrows–Abadi–Needham(BAN)logic,demonstrating that our scheme is verifiably secure.The proposed scheme’s informal security assessment also shows that it provides salient security features,such as non-repudiation,anonymity,and unlinkability.Moreover,the scheme is shown to be resilient against attacks,such as packet replays,forgeries,message falsifications,and impersonations.From the performance perspective,this protocol yields a 37.88%reduction in communication overheads and a 44.44%improvement in the supported security features.Therefore,the proposed scheme can be deployed in VANETs to provide robust security at low overheads.
基金the Iran Telecommunication Research Center (ITRC)
文摘Currently, there is a growing belief that putting an IEEE 802.11-like radio into road vehicles can help the drivers to travel more safely. Message dissemination protocols are primordial for safety vehicular applications. There are two types of safety messages which may be exchanged between vehicles: alarm and beacon. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of deploying safety applications based on beacon message dissemination through extensive simulation study and pay special attention to the safety requirements. Vehicles are supposed to issue these messages periodically to announce to other vehicles their current situation and use received messages for preventing possible unsafe situations. We evaluate the performance of a single-hop dissemination protocol while taking into account the quality of service (QoS) metrics like delivery rate and delay. We realize that reliability is the main concern in beacon message dissemination. Thus, a new metric named effective range is defined which gives us more accurate facility for evaluating QoS in safety applications specifically. Then, in order to improve the performance, the effects of three parameters including vehicle's transmission range, message transmission's interval time and message payload size are studied. Due to special characteristics of the safety applications, we model the relationship between communication-level QoS and application-level QoS and evaluate them for different classes of safety applications. As a conclusion, the current technology of IEEE 802.11 MAC layer has still some challenges for automatic safety applications but it can provide acceptable QoS to driver assistance safety applications.
基金Chinese National High Technology Research and Development Program(No.2014BAG03B03)
文摘With the rapid development of vehicular ad hoc network( VANET) technology,VANET applications such as safe driving and emergency rescue demand high position accuracy,but traditional GPS is difficult to meet new accuracy requirements. To overcome this limitation,a new vehicle positioning method based on radio frequency identification( RFID) is proposed. First RFID base stations are divided into three categories using fuzzy technology,and then Chan algorithm is used to calculate three vehicles' positions,which are weighed to acquire vehicles' accurate position. This method can effectively overcome the problem that vehicle positioning accuracy is not high resulting from the factors such as ambient noise and base distribution when Chan algorithm is used. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to Chan algorithm and 2-step algorithm based on averaging method,which can satisfy the requirements of vehicle positioning in VANETs.
文摘There is a significant increase in the rates of vehicle accidents in countries around the world and also the casualties involved ever year. New technologies have been explored relating to the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) due to the increase in vehicular traffic/congestions around us. Vehicular communication is very important as technology has evolved. The research of VANET and development of proposed systems and implementation would increase safety among road users and improve the comfort for the corresponding passengers, drivers and also other road users, and a great improvement in the traffic efficiency would be achieved. This research paper investigates the current and existing security issues associated with the VANET and exposes any slack amongst them in order to lighten possible problem domains in this field.
文摘In vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), store-carry-forward approach may be used for data sharing, where moving vehicles carry and exchange data when they go by each other. In this approach, storage resource in a vehicle is generally limited. Therefore, attributes of data that have to be stored in vehicles are an important factor in order to efficiently distribute desired data. In VANETs, there are different types of data which depend on the time and location. Such kind of data cannot be deployed adequately to the requesting vehicles only by popularity-based rule. In this paper, we propose a data distribution method that takes into account the effective life and area in addition to popularity of data. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate drastic improvements on acquisition performance of the time and area specific data.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60873192,61070182)
文摘In this paper, we investigate the connectivity of vehicular ad hoc networks in free-flow traffic situation with channel randonmess. In order to illustrate the realistic environment, we consider that vehicles are distributed in free-flow highway according to a Poisson point process, and signal propagation between connected vehicles is subjected to log-normal shadowing effects. We obtain the distribution of the space headway between successive vehicles and the distribution of signal coverage, which allows us to use the equivalent M/G/z~ queue theory to model the connectivity of VANETs in the form of average broadcast percolation distance and average number of connected nodes. Then, extensive simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the obtained results. The analytical model presented here is able to describe the impact of various system parameters, including traffic parameters and signal propagation parameters on the con- nectivity. We use our analytical results, along with the common signal propagation data, to understand impact of channel randomness on the connectivity of VANETs.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2006CB303000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60773091, F020303).
文摘This paper studies a routing protocol used in the application of collecting real-time traffic information using mobile vehicles to monitor traffic status. The biggest challenge of vehicular ad hoe network routing protocol lies in the mismatch between the direction of moving vehicles and routed data. In order to deal with this mismatch, a mesh based routing protocol with a two-tier network architecture is proposed. By using mesh nodes deployed at intersections, data can be routed through an optimized path which can improve the delivery ratio and reduce the consumption of network resources. The simulation uses the mobility model processed from the GPS data of taxis mnning in Shanghai urban areas. The result shows that the proposed protocol outperforms the existing flooding protocol.
文摘As Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) become more sophisticated, the importance of integrating data protection and cybersecurity is increasingly evident. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation into the challenges and solutions associated with the privacy implications within VANETs, rooted in an intricate landscape of cross-jurisdictional data protection regulations. Our examination underscores the unique nature of VANETs, which, unlike other ad-hoc networks, demand heightened security and privacy considerations due to their exposure to sensitive data such as vehicle identifiers, routes, and more. Through a rigorous exploration of pseudonymization schemes, with a notable emphasis on the Density-based Location Privacy (DLP) method, we elucidate the potential to mitigate and sometimes sidestep the heavy compliance burdens associated with data protection laws. Furthermore, this paper illuminates the cybersecurity vulnerabilities inherent to VANETs, proposing robust countermeasures, including secure data transmission protocols. In synthesizing our findings, we advocate for the proactive adoption of protective mechanisms to facilitate the broader acceptance of VANET technology while concurrently addressing regulatory and cybersecurity hurdles.
文摘Logical behavioral arrangements are a class of conventional arrangements to illustrate the happening of incidents in an appropriate and structured approach in vehicular ad hoc network （VANET）. These incidents are characterized as a list of path segments that are passed through by the vehicles for the duration of their journeys from a pre-decided local source to a local destination in a structured manner. A set of proper description illustrating the paths traversed by the vehicles as logical behavioral arrangements is describedin this paper. The data gathering scheme based on secure authentication to gather the data from the vehicles is proposed in this paper. This proposed data gathering scheme based on secure authentication is compared with the existing data gathering schemes by using veins framework and the results of analysis reflect that the proposed scheme outperforms among others. The data collected from the vehicles by the proposed data gathering scheme is stored at distributed road side units （RSUs）. From these collected paths, the common and frequent paths opted by the vehicles in a certain region are determined by using frequent arrangement mining approach. An estimation model is used to decidethe next path and the whole path map opted by the vehicles in unusual situations like accident, jams, or a particular time of day. The proposed scheme will helpthe society in reducing the waiting time in vent of emergency or normal working days.
文摘针对车载自组织网络(Vehicular Ad hoc Network,VANET)中车辆跨密码系统通信过程中的隐私泄露问题,提出了一种格基异构签密方案.首先,方案实现了无证书密码系统(Certificateless Cryptosystem,CLC)的车辆与基于身份密码系统(Identity-Based Cryptosystem,IBC)的车辆相互通信;其次利用签密的机密性和可认证性防止车辆用户在跨密码系统通信过程中发生隐私泄露,并实现了接收方对消息完整性以及发送方身份合法性的认证;最后在随机预言机模型下证明了方案在适应性选择密文攻击下具有不可区分性(Indistinguishability against adaptive Chosen Cipher Text Attack,IND-CCA2),在适应性选择消息攻击下具有存在性不可伪造性(Existential Unforgeability against adaptive Chosen Messages Attack,EUF-CMA).性能分析表明,与其他方案相比,本文方案在计算开销、通信开销和安全性方面具有一定优势,适用于车辆跨密码系统通信的场景.
文摘Extensive investigation has been performed in location-centric or geocast routing protocols for reliable and efficient dissemination of information in Vehicular Adhoc Networks （VANETs）. Various location-centric routing protocols have been suggested in literature for road safety ITS applications considering urban and highway traffic environment. This paper characterizes vehicular environments based on real traffic data and investigates the evolution of location-centric data dissemination. The current study is carded out with three main objectives： （i） to analyze the impact of dynamic traffic environment on the design of data dissemination techniques, （ii） to characterize location-centric data dissemination in terms of functional and qualitative behavior of protocols, properties, and strengths and weaknesses, and （iii） to find some future research directions in information dissemination based on location. Vehicular traffic environments have been classified into three categories based on physical characteristics such as speed, inter-vehicular distance, neighborhood stability, traffic volume, etc. Real traffic data is considered to analyze on-road traffic environments based on the measurement of physical parameters and weather conditions. Design issues are identified in incorporating physical parameters and weather conditions into data dissemination. Functional and qualitative characteristics of location-centric techniques are explored considering urban and highway environments. Comparative analysis of location-centric techniques is carded out for both urban and highway environments individually based on some unique and common characteristics of the environments. Finally, some future research directions are identified in the area based on the detailed investigation of traffic environments and location-centric data dissemination techniques.
基金Supported by the 863 Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No.2008AA01A201)
文摘In this paper,a reliability enhanced and density adaptive data disseminating scheme is proposed for Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks(VANETs).The distributed on demand inquiring and responding mechanism is employed to get nodes' connectivity information.The announcing-listening process is also designed to find the nodes with bigger additional degree to rebroadcast,by which the relaying node is selected freely from density's influence.Simultaneously,a reliability parameter is designed to choose redundant relays for each hop.According to the importance of the broadcast,the parameter is set by the source node properly.Simulation results show that the scheme has achieved good performances such as low forwarding ratio,short latency and low load.The broadcast coverage ratio is ensured against the influence of key link errors and relaying nodes failure by paying suitable additional communication.
文摘Vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） that use the IEEE 802.11p communication standard face a number of challenges, not least when it comes to safety messages on the VANET control channel （CCH） where short delay times and reliable delivery are of pri- mary importance. In this paper we propose a vehicular machine-to-machine （VM2M） overlay network that uses Long Term Evolu- tion （LTE） physical random access channel （PRACH） to emulate VANET CCH. The overlay network uses dedicated preambles to separate vehicular traffic from regular LTE traffic and a cartier sense multiple access with collision avoidance （CSMA-CA） layer similar to the one used in IEEE 802.15.4 to avoid the four step handshake and the overhead it incurs. The performance of the pro- posed overlay is evaluated under a wide range of PRACH parameters which conform to the scenarios with high vehicle velocities and large distances between roadside units （RSUs） that may be encountered in rural areas and on highways.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.61070182, No. 60873192, No. 61170225）
文摘After presenting weaknesses of several classic routing protocols applied in vehicular ad hoc networks （VANETs） by a qualitative comparison, this paper proposes a novel self-adaptive routing protocol, named ARPP. With respect to the specific characteristics of VANETs, the proposed routing protocol adopts a dynamic topology establishment and time-varying control message sending mechanism. A direction-based forwarding strategy and a specific warning solution enhance the routing performance in ARPP. Simulation results show that the ARPP protocol outperforms the classic AODV in urban vehicle environment.
基金Dr.Arshiya Sajid Ansari would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under Project No.R-2023-910.
文摘Image steganography is a technique of concealing confidential information within an image without dramatically changing its outside look.Whereas vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs),which enable vehicles to communicate with one another and with roadside infrastructure to enhance safety and traffic flow provide a range of value-added services,as they are an essential component of modern smart transportation systems.VANETs steganography has been suggested by many authors for secure,reliable message transfer between terminal/hope to terminal/hope and also to secure it from attack for privacy protection.This paper aims to determine whether using steganography is possible to improve data security and secrecy in VANET applications and to analyze effective steganography techniques for incorporating data into images while minimizing visual quality loss.According to simulations in literature and real-world studies,Image steganography proved to be an effectivemethod for secure communication on VANETs,even in difficult network conditions.In this research,we also explore a variety of steganography approaches for vehicular ad-hoc network transportation systems like vector embedding,statistics,spatial domain(SD),transform domain(TD),distortion,masking,and filtering.This study possibly shall help researchers to improve vehicle networks’ability to communicate securely and lay the door for innovative steganography methods.
