Activation functions play a critical role in neural networks. The paper mainly studies activation functions with four activation functions that were the selection for reference and comparison. The Mish activation func...Activation functions play a critical role in neural networks. The paper mainly studies activation functions with four activation functions that were the selection for reference and comparison. The Mish activation function was expending as the Mish_PLUS activation function, the Sigmoid activation function, and the Tanh were combined to obtain a new Sigmoid_Tanh activation function. We used the recently popular YoLov5s and YoLov5m as the basic structure of the neural network. The function realized in this article was the recognition function of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Through the role and comparison of different activation functions in the neural network structure, the test results show that, in this paper, the training precision curve under the Sigmoid_Tanh activation function was better than that under the action of other activation functions. That means that the accuracy of cell recognition under the activation function was higher.展开更多
Autonomously self-propelled nanoswimmers represent the nextgeneration nano-devices for bio-and environmental technology.However,current nanoswimmers generate limited energy output and can only move in short distances ...Autonomously self-propelled nanoswimmers represent the nextgeneration nano-devices for bio-and environmental technology.However,current nanoswimmers generate limited energy output and can only move in short distances and duration,thus are struggling to be applied in practical challenges,such as living cell transportation.Here,we describe the construction of biodegradable metal-organic framework based nanobots with chemically driven buoyancy to achieve highly efficient,long-distance,directional vertical motion to“find-and-fetch”target cells.Nanobots surface-functionalized with antibodies against the cell surface marker carcinoembryonic antigen are exploited to impart the nanobots with specific cell targeting capacity to recognize and separate cancer cells.We demonstrate that the self-propelled motility of the nanobots can sufficiently transport the recognized cells autonomously,and the separated cells can be easily collected with a customized glass column,and finally regain their full metabolic potential after the separation.The utilization of nanobots with easy synthetic pathway shows considerable promise in cell recognition,separation,and enrichment.展开更多
Aiming at the axiom of design for manufacture (DFM), this paper describes a recognition method for abstracting compound features from a part model and discloses the basic mechanism of compounding, also builds the cor...Aiming at the axiom of design for manufacture (DFM), this paper describes a recognition method for abstracting compound features from a part model and discloses the basic mechanism of compounding, also builds the corresponding 2D-simulation model. The inner association between feature neighboring and feature compounding is deeply discussed and, based on the essential transforming rule of two neighboring features, the corresponding feature adjacency matrix (FAM) of multi - feature entities are generated. For the manufacturing feature converted from the pure design feature; an innovative concept-homogenous compounding is presented to clarify the architecture of machining domain. Then, the FAM recurrence elimination algorithm is developed to determine all the compound features, and according to machining sequence, outputs a group of machining domains.展开更多
T cell recognition of foreign peptide antigen and toler-ance to self peptides is key to the proper function of the immune system.Usually,in the thymus T cells that rec-ognize self MHC+self peptides are deleted and tho...T cell recognition of foreign peptide antigen and toler-ance to self peptides is key to the proper function of the immune system.Usually,in the thymus T cells that rec-ognize self MHC+self peptides are deleted and those with the potential to recognize self MHC+foreign pep-tides are selected to mature.However there are excep-tions to these rules.Autoimmunity and allergy are two of the most common immune diseases that can be related to recognition of self.Many genes work together to lead to autoimmunity.Of those,particular MHC alleles are the most strongly associated,reflecting the key importance of MHC presentation of self peptides in autoimmunity.T cells specific for combinations of self MHC and self pep-tides may escape thymus deletion,and thus be able to drive autoimmunity,for several reasons:the relevant self peptide may be presented at low abundance in the thy-mus but at high level in particular peripheral tissues;the relevant self peptide may bind to MHC in an unusual register,not present in the thymus but apparent else-where;finally the relevant self peptide may be post translationally modified in a tissue specific fashion.In some types of allergy,the peptide+MHC combination may also be fully derived from self.However the combi-nation in question may be modified by the presence of other ligands,such as small drug molecules or metal ions.Thus these types of allergies may act like the post translationally modified peptides involved some types of autoimmunity.展开更多
There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these stagge...There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these staggeringly complex neuronal circuits requires specific cell-surface molecular tags to endow each neuron with a unique identity code to discriminate self from non-self. The clustered protocadherin(Pcdh) genes, which encode a tremendous diversity of cell-surface assemblies, are candidates for neuronal identity tags. We describe the adaptive evolution,genomic structure, and regulation of expression of the clustered Pcdhs. We specifically focus on the emerging3-D architectural and biophysical mechanisms that generate an enormous number of diverse cell-surface Pcdhs as neural codes in the brain.展开更多
A multifunctional nanocomposite of AgNPs@GQDs is prepared by synergistic in-situ growth of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on the complex of tannic acid(TA)and graphene quantum dots(GQDs)for the construction of dual-mode b...A multifunctional nanocomposite of AgNPs@GQDs is prepared by synergistic in-situ growth of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on the complex of tannic acid(TA)and graphene quantum dots(GQDs)for the construction of dual-mode biosensing platform and cancer theranostics.The nanocomposite exhibits a hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-responsive degradation,in which Ag^(0)is oxidized to Ag^(+)along with the release of oxidized TA and GQDs.The degradation induces the decreased absorbance and enhanced fluorescence(FL)intensity due to the suppression of Forster resonance ene rgy transfer(FRET)in AgNPs@GQDs,which is employed for colorimetric/fluorescence dual-mode sensing of H_(2)O_(2).The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of GQDs nanozyme can effectively catalyze the oxidation reaction,enhancing the detection sensitivity significantly.Based on the generation of H_(2)O_(2)from the oxidation of glucose with the catalysis of glucose oxidase(GOx),this nanoprobe is versatilely used for the determination of glucose in human serum.Further,through combining the H_(2)O_(2)-responsive degradation of AgNPs@GQDs with high H_(2)O_(2)level in cancer cells,the nanocomposites exhibit good performance in cancer cell recognition and therapy,in which the synergistic anticancer effect of Ag^(+)and oxidized TA contribute to effective cell death,and the liberated GQDs are used to monitor the therapeutic effect by cell imaging.展开更多
文摘Activation functions play a critical role in neural networks. The paper mainly studies activation functions with four activation functions that were the selection for reference and comparison. The Mish activation function was expending as the Mish_PLUS activation function, the Sigmoid activation function, and the Tanh were combined to obtain a new Sigmoid_Tanh activation function. We used the recently popular YoLov5s and YoLov5m as the basic structure of the neural network. The function realized in this article was the recognition function of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Through the role and comparison of different activation functions in the neural network structure, the test results show that, in this paper, the training precision curve under the Sigmoid_Tanh activation function was better than that under the action of other activation functions. That means that the accuracy of cell recognition under the activation function was higher.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC, DP210100422)the National Breast Cancer Foundation, Australia (IIRS-22-104)the financial support by the Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship
文摘Autonomously self-propelled nanoswimmers represent the nextgeneration nano-devices for bio-and environmental technology.However,current nanoswimmers generate limited energy output and can only move in short distances and duration,thus are struggling to be applied in practical challenges,such as living cell transportation.Here,we describe the construction of biodegradable metal-organic framework based nanobots with chemically driven buoyancy to achieve highly efficient,long-distance,directional vertical motion to“find-and-fetch”target cells.Nanobots surface-functionalized with antibodies against the cell surface marker carcinoembryonic antigen are exploited to impart the nanobots with specific cell targeting capacity to recognize and separate cancer cells.We demonstrate that the self-propelled motility of the nanobots can sufficiently transport the recognized cells autonomously,and the separated cells can be easily collected with a customized glass column,and finally regain their full metabolic potential after the separation.The utilization of nanobots with easy synthetic pathway shows considerable promise in cell recognition,separation,and enrichment.
文摘Aiming at the axiom of design for manufacture (DFM), this paper describes a recognition method for abstracting compound features from a part model and discloses the basic mechanism of compounding, also builds the corresponding 2D-simulation model. The inner association between feature neighboring and feature compounding is deeply discussed and, based on the essential transforming rule of two neighboring features, the corresponding feature adjacency matrix (FAM) of multi - feature entities are generated. For the manufacturing feature converted from the pure design feature; an innovative concept-homogenous compounding is presented to clarify the architecture of machining domain. Then, the FAM recurrence elimination algorithm is developed to determine all the compound features, and according to machining sequence, outputs a group of machining domains.
文摘T cell recognition of foreign peptide antigen and toler-ance to self peptides is key to the proper function of the immune system.Usually,in the thymus T cells that rec-ognize self MHC+self peptides are deleted and those with the potential to recognize self MHC+foreign pep-tides are selected to mature.However there are excep-tions to these rules.Autoimmunity and allergy are two of the most common immune diseases that can be related to recognition of self.Many genes work together to lead to autoimmunity.Of those,particular MHC alleles are the most strongly associated,reflecting the key importance of MHC presentation of self peptides in autoimmunity.T cells specific for combinations of self MHC and self pep-tides may escape thymus deletion,and thus be able to drive autoimmunity,for several reasons:the relevant self peptide may be presented at low abundance in the thy-mus but at high level in particular peripheral tissues;the relevant self peptide may bind to MHC in an unusual register,not present in the thymus but apparent else-where;finally the relevant self peptide may be post translationally modified in a tissue specific fashion.In some types of allergy,the peptide+MHC combination may also be fully derived from self.However the combi-nation in question may be modified by the presence of other ligands,such as small drug molecules or metal ions.Thus these types of allergies may act like the post translationally modified peptides involved some types of autoimmunity.
基金supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630039 and 31700666)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2017YFA0504203 and 2018YFC1004504)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19JC1412500)。
文摘There are more than a thousand trillion specific synaptic connections in the human brain and over a million new specific connections are formed every second during the early years of life. The assembly of these staggeringly complex neuronal circuits requires specific cell-surface molecular tags to endow each neuron with a unique identity code to discriminate self from non-self. The clustered protocadherin(Pcdh) genes, which encode a tremendous diversity of cell-surface assemblies, are candidates for neuronal identity tags. We describe the adaptive evolution,genomic structure, and regulation of expression of the clustered Pcdhs. We specifically focus on the emerging3-D architectural and biophysical mechanisms that generate an enormous number of diverse cell-surface Pcdhs as neural codes in the brain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21722505 and 21705086)the Special Funds of the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn20161028)+4 种基金the Youth Innovation Technology Program of Shandong Province(No.2019KJC029)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2017JL009)the Collaborative Innovation Program of Jinan(No.2018GXRC033)the Open Project of Shandong Key Laboratory of Tumor Marker Detection Technology(Nos.KLDTTM2019-4,KLDTTM2019-5)the Open Project of Chemistry Department of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(No.QUSTHX201928)。
文摘A multifunctional nanocomposite of AgNPs@GQDs is prepared by synergistic in-situ growth of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)on the complex of tannic acid(TA)and graphene quantum dots(GQDs)for the construction of dual-mode biosensing platform and cancer theranostics.The nanocomposite exhibits a hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))-responsive degradation,in which Ag^(0)is oxidized to Ag^(+)along with the release of oxidized TA and GQDs.The degradation induces the decreased absorbance and enhanced fluorescence(FL)intensity due to the suppression of Forster resonance ene rgy transfer(FRET)in AgNPs@GQDs,which is employed for colorimetric/fluorescence dual-mode sensing of H_(2)O_(2).The intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of GQDs nanozyme can effectively catalyze the oxidation reaction,enhancing the detection sensitivity significantly.Based on the generation of H_(2)O_(2)from the oxidation of glucose with the catalysis of glucose oxidase(GOx),this nanoprobe is versatilely used for the determination of glucose in human serum.Further,through combining the H_(2)O_(2)-responsive degradation of AgNPs@GQDs with high H_(2)O_(2)level in cancer cells,the nanocomposites exhibit good performance in cancer cell recognition and therapy,in which the synergistic anticancer effect of Ag^(+)and oxidized TA contribute to effective cell death,and the liberated GQDs are used to monitor the therapeutic effect by cell imaging.
