The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and hist...The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.展开更多
Due to the fact that a memristor with memory properties is an ideal electronic component for implementation of the artificial neural synaptic function,a brand-new tristable locally active memristor model is first prop...Due to the fact that a memristor with memory properties is an ideal electronic component for implementation of the artificial neural synaptic function,a brand-new tristable locally active memristor model is first proposed in this paper.Here,a novel four-dimensional fractional-order memristive cellular neural network(FO-MCNN)model with hidden attractors is constructed to enhance the engineering feasibility of the original CNN model and its performance.Then,its hardware circuit implementation and complicated dynamic properties are investigated on multi-simulation platforms.Subsequently,it is used toward secure communication application scenarios.Taking it as the pseudo-random number generator(PRNG),a new privacy image security scheme is designed based on the adaptive sampling rate compressive sensing(ASR-CS)model.Eventually,the simulation analysis and comparative experiments manifest that the proposed data encryption scheme possesses strong immunity against various security attack models and satisfactory compression performance.展开更多
This study introduces an innovative“Big Model”strategy to enhance Bridge Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),time-frequency analysis,and fine element analysis.Leveraging ensemb...This study introduces an innovative“Big Model”strategy to enhance Bridge Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),time-frequency analysis,and fine element analysis.Leveraging ensemble methods,collaborative learning,and distributed computing,the approach effectively manages the complexity and scale of large-scale bridge data.The CNN employs transfer learning,fine-tuning,and continuous monitoring to optimize models for adaptive and accurate structural health assessments,focusing on extracting meaningful features through time-frequency analysis.By integrating Finite Element Analysis,time-frequency analysis,and CNNs,the strategy provides a comprehensive understanding of bridge health.Utilizing diverse sensor data,sophisticated feature extraction,and advanced CNN architecture,the model is optimized through rigorous preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning.This approach significantly enhances the ability to make accurate predictions,monitor structural health,and support proactive maintenance practices,thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure.展开更多
Geomechanical assessment using coupled reservoir-geomechanical simulation is becoming increasingly important for analyzing the potential geomechanical risks in subsurface geological developments.However,a robust and e...Geomechanical assessment using coupled reservoir-geomechanical simulation is becoming increasingly important for analyzing the potential geomechanical risks in subsurface geological developments.However,a robust and efficient geomechanical upscaling technique for heterogeneous geological reservoirs is lacking to advance the applications of three-dimensional(3D)reservoir-scale geomechanical simulation considering detailed geological heterogeneities.Here,we develop convolutional neural network(CNN)proxies that reproduce the anisotropic nonlinear geomechanical response caused by lithological heterogeneity,and compute upscaled geomechanical properties from CNN proxies.The CNN proxies are trained using a large dataset of randomly generated spatially correlated sand-shale realizations as inputs and simulation results of their macroscopic geomechanical response as outputs.The trained CNN models can provide the upscaled shear strength(R^(2)>0.949),stress-strain behavior(R^(2)>0.925),and volumetric strain changes(R^(2)>0.958)that highly agree with the numerical simulation results while saving over two orders of magnitude of computational time.This is a major advantage in computing the upscaled geomechanical properties directly from geological realizations without the need to perform local numerical simulations to obtain the geomechanical response.The proposed CNN proxybased upscaling technique has the ability to(1)bridge the gap between the fine-scale geocellular models considering geological uncertainties and computationally efficient geomechanical models used to assess the geomechanical risks of large-scale subsurface development,and(2)improve the efficiency of numerical upscaling techniques that rely on local numerical simulations,leading to significantly increased computational time for uncertainty quantification using numerous geological realizations.展开更多
以压力容器气体泄漏展开研究,提出了一种融合黄金正弦的减法平均优化器(subtraction-average-based optimizer with golden sine,GSABO)、优化变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)和卷积神经网络(convolutional neural ne...以压力容器气体泄漏展开研究,提出了一种融合黄金正弦的减法平均优化器(subtraction-average-based optimizer with golden sine,GSABO)、优化变分模态分解(variational mode decomposition,VMD)和卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)与支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)联合分类检测的方法。首先,引入了融合黄金正弦的减法平均优化器对变分模态分解的参数模态个数K和惩罚参数α进行寻优,将最小包络熵为适应度函数得到最佳的K和惩罚参数α,计算最佳IMF分量的9种时域指标构建特征向量,输入CNN-SVM联合的分类方法进行特征提取并对气体泄漏情况进行识别。经实验分析,提出的引入融合黄金正弦的减法平均优化器优化后的VMD方法能够有效地自适应获取最优参数组,然后对压力容器气体泄漏声波信号进行特征提取,选取最优的特征组合输入CNNSVM联合分类检测,得到泄漏与否判别准确率高达99.16%,有助于对后续研究进一步开展。展开更多
In this paper the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a quantum cellular neural network （QCNN） by coupling Josephson circuits was investigated and it was shown that the QCNN using only two of them can cause the onset o...In this paper the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a quantum cellular neural network （QCNN） by coupling Josephson circuits was investigated and it was shown that the QCNN using only two of them can cause the onset of chaotic oscillation. The theoretical analysis and simulation for the two Josephson-circuits-coupled QCNN have been done by using the amplitude and phase as state variables. The complex chaotic behaviours can be observed and then proved by calculating Lyapunov exponents. The study provides valuable information about QCNNs for future application in high-parallel signal processing and novel chaotic generators.展开更多
滚动轴承作为机械设备的重要部件,对其进行剩余使用寿命预测在企业的生产过程中变得越来越重要。目前,虽然主流的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)可以自动地从轴承的振动信号中提取特征,却不能给特征分配不同的权重来...滚动轴承作为机械设备的重要部件,对其进行剩余使用寿命预测在企业的生产过程中变得越来越重要。目前,虽然主流的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)可以自动地从轴承的振动信号中提取特征,却不能给特征分配不同的权重来提高模型对重要特征的关注程度,对于长时间序列容易丢失重要信息。另外,神经网络中隐藏层神经元个数、学习率以及正则化参数等超参数还需要依靠人工经验设置。为了解决上述问题,提出基于灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法、优化集合CNN、双向长短期记忆(bidirectional long short term memory, BiLSTM)网络和注意力机制(Attention)轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法。首先,从原始振动信号中提取时域、频域以及时频域特征指标构建可选特征集;然后,通过构建考虑特征相关性、鲁棒性和单调性的综合评价指标筛选出高于设定阈值的轴承退化敏感特征集,作为预测模型的输入;最后,将预测值和真实值的均方误差作为GWO算法的适应度函数,优化预测模型获得最优隐藏层神经元个数、学习率和正则化参数,利用优化后模型进行剩余使用寿命预测,并在公开数据集上进行验证。结果表明,所提方法可在非经验指导下获得最优的超参数组合,优化后的预测模型与未进行优化模型相比,平均绝对误差与均方根误差分别降低了28.8%和24.3%。展开更多
Both time-delays and anti-windup(AW)problems are conventional problems in system design,which are scarcely discussed in cellular neural networks(CNNs).This paper discusses stabilization for a class of distributed time...Both time-delays and anti-windup(AW)problems are conventional problems in system design,which are scarcely discussed in cellular neural networks(CNNs).This paper discusses stabilization for a class of distributed time-delayed CNNs with input saturation.Based on the Lyapunov theory and the Schur complement principle,a bilinear matrix inequality(BMI)criterion is designed to stabilize the system with input saturation.By matrix congruent transformation,the BMI control criterion can be changed into linear matrix inequality(LMI)criterion,then it can be easily solved by the computer.It is a one-step AW strategy that the feedback compensator and the AW compensator can be determined simultaneously.The attraction domain and its optimization are also discussed.The structure of CNNs with both constant timedelays and distribute time-delays is more general.This method is simple and systematic,allowing dealing with a large class of such systems whose excitation satisfies the Lipschitz condition.The simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.展开更多
In the coal mining industry,the gangue separation phase imposes a key challenge due to the high visual similaritybetween coal and gangue.Recently,separation methods have become more intelligent and efficient,using new...In the coal mining industry,the gangue separation phase imposes a key challenge due to the high visual similaritybetween coal and gangue.Recently,separation methods have become more intelligent and efficient,using newtechnologies and applying different features for recognition.One such method exploits the difference in substancedensity,leading to excellent coal/gangue recognition.Therefore,this study uses density differences to distinguishcoal from gangue by performing volume prediction on the samples.Our training samples maintain a record of3-side images as input,volume,and weight as the ground truth for the classification.The prediction process relieson a Convolutional neural network(CGVP-CNN)model that receives an input of a 3-side image and then extractsthe needed features to estimate an approximation for the volume.The classification was comparatively performedvia ten different classifiers,namely,K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Linear Support Vector Machines(Linear SVM),Radial Basis Function(RBF)SVM,Gaussian Process,Decision Tree,Random Forest,Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Adaptive Boosting(AdaBosst),Naive Bayes,and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA).After severalexperiments on testing and training data,results yield a classification accuracy of 100%,92%,95%,96%,100%,100%,100%,96%,81%,and 92%,respectively.The test reveals the best timing with KNN,which maintained anaccuracy level of 100%.Assessing themodel generalization capability to newdata is essential to ensure the efficiencyof the model,so by applying a cross-validation experiment,the model generalization was measured.The useddataset was isolated based on the volume values to ensure the model generalization not only on new images of thesame volume but with a volume outside the trained range.Then,the predicted volume values were passed to theclassifiers group,where classification reported accuracy was found to be(100%,100%,100%,98%,88%,87%,100%,87%,97%,100%),respectively.Although obtaining a classification with high accuracy is the main motive,this workhas a remarkable reduction in the data preprocessing time compared to related works.The CGVP-CNN modelmanaged to reduce the data preprocessing time of previous works to 0.017 s while maintaining high classificationaccuracy using the estimated volume value.展开更多
This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that co...This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September(JJAS) precipitation from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUIST-CFS1.0) for 1982–2020. We also perform hyper-parameter optimization and introduce predictors over a larger area to include information about the main large-scale circulations that drive precipitation over the East Africa region, which improves the downscaling results. Finally, we validate the raw model and downscaled forecasts in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, as well as their ability to reproduce the observed precipitation extreme and spell indicator indices. The results show that the CNN-based downscaling consistently improves the raw model forecasts, with lower bias and more accurate representations of the observed mean and extreme precipitation spatial patterns. Besides, CNN-based downscaling yields a much more accurate forecast of extreme and spell indicators and reduces the significant relative biases exhibited by the raw model predictions. Moreover, our results show that CNN-based downscaling yields better skill scores than the raw model forecasts over most portions of East Africa. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of CNN in downscaling seasonal precipitation predictions over East Africa,particularly in providing improved forecast products which are essential for end users.展开更多
This paper concernes analysis for the global exponential stability of a class of recurrent neural networks with mixed discrete and distributed delays. It first proves the existence and uniqueness of the balance point,...This paper concernes analysis for the global exponential stability of a class of recurrent neural networks with mixed discrete and distributed delays. It first proves the existence and uniqueness of the balance point, then by employing the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Young inequality, it gives the sufficient condition of global exponential stability of cellular neural network with mixed discrete and distributed delays, in addition, the example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the result.展开更多
This paper presents a new type of cellular automa ta (CA) model for the simulation of alternative land development using neural netw orks for urban planning. CA models can be regarded as a planning tool because th ey ...This paper presents a new type of cellular automa ta (CA) model for the simulation of alternative land development using neural netw orks for urban planning. CA models can be regarded as a planning tool because th ey can generate alternative urban growth. Alternative development patterns can b e formed by using different sets of parameter values in CA simulation. A critica l issue is how to define parameter values for realistic and idealized simulation . This paper demonstrates that neural networks can simplify CA models but genera te more plausible results. The simulation is based on a simple three-layer netw ork with an output neuron to generate conversion probability. No transition rule s are required for the simulation. Parameter values are automatically obtained f rom the training of network by using satellite remote sensing data. Original tra ining data can be assessed and modified according to planning objectives. Altern ative urban patterns can be easily formulated by using the modified training dat a sets rather than changing the model.展开更多
文摘The integration of image analysis through deep learning(DL)into rock classification represents a significant leap forward in geological research.While traditional methods remain invaluable for their expertise and historical context,DL offers a powerful complement by enhancing the speed,objectivity,and precision of the classification process.This research explores the significance of image data augmentation techniques in optimizing the performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)for geological image analysis,particularly in the classification of igneous,metamorphic,and sedimentary rock types from rock thin section(RTS)images.This study primarily focuses on classic image augmentation techniques and evaluates their impact on model accuracy and precision.Results demonstrate that augmentation techniques like Equalize significantly enhance the model's classification capabilities,achieving an F1-Score of 0.9869 for igneous rocks,0.9884 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9929 for sedimentary rocks,representing improvements compared to the baseline original results.Moreover,the weighted average F1-Score across all classes and techniques is 0.9886,indicating an enhancement.Conversely,methods like Distort lead to decreased accuracy and F1-Score,with an F1-Score of 0.949 for igneous rocks,0.954 for metamorphic rocks,and 0.9416 for sedimentary rocks,exacerbating the performance compared to the baseline.The study underscores the practicality of image data augmentation in geological image classification and advocates for the adoption of DL methods in this domain for automation and improved results.The findings of this study can benefit various fields,including remote sensing,mineral exploration,and environmental monitoring,by enhancing the accuracy of geological image analysis both for scientific research and industrial applications.
文摘Due to the fact that a memristor with memory properties is an ideal electronic component for implementation of the artificial neural synaptic function,a brand-new tristable locally active memristor model is first proposed in this paper.Here,a novel four-dimensional fractional-order memristive cellular neural network(FO-MCNN)model with hidden attractors is constructed to enhance the engineering feasibility of the original CNN model and its performance.Then,its hardware circuit implementation and complicated dynamic properties are investigated on multi-simulation platforms.Subsequently,it is used toward secure communication application scenarios.Taking it as the pseudo-random number generator(PRNG),a new privacy image security scheme is designed based on the adaptive sampling rate compressive sensing(ASR-CS)model.Eventually,the simulation analysis and comparative experiments manifest that the proposed data encryption scheme possesses strong immunity against various security attack models and satisfactory compression performance.
文摘This study introduces an innovative“Big Model”strategy to enhance Bridge Structural Health Monitoring(SHM)using a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),time-frequency analysis,and fine element analysis.Leveraging ensemble methods,collaborative learning,and distributed computing,the approach effectively manages the complexity and scale of large-scale bridge data.The CNN employs transfer learning,fine-tuning,and continuous monitoring to optimize models for adaptive and accurate structural health assessments,focusing on extracting meaningful features through time-frequency analysis.By integrating Finite Element Analysis,time-frequency analysis,and CNNs,the strategy provides a comprehensive understanding of bridge health.Utilizing diverse sensor data,sophisticated feature extraction,and advanced CNN architecture,the model is optimized through rigorous preprocessing and hyperparameter tuning.This approach significantly enhances the ability to make accurate predictions,monitor structural health,and support proactive maintenance practices,thereby ensuring the safety and longevity of critical infrastructure.
基金financial support provided by the Future Energy System at University of Alberta and NSERC Discovery Grant RGPIN-2023-04084。
文摘Geomechanical assessment using coupled reservoir-geomechanical simulation is becoming increasingly important for analyzing the potential geomechanical risks in subsurface geological developments.However,a robust and efficient geomechanical upscaling technique for heterogeneous geological reservoirs is lacking to advance the applications of three-dimensional(3D)reservoir-scale geomechanical simulation considering detailed geological heterogeneities.Here,we develop convolutional neural network(CNN)proxies that reproduce the anisotropic nonlinear geomechanical response caused by lithological heterogeneity,and compute upscaled geomechanical properties from CNN proxies.The CNN proxies are trained using a large dataset of randomly generated spatially correlated sand-shale realizations as inputs and simulation results of their macroscopic geomechanical response as outputs.The trained CNN models can provide the upscaled shear strength(R^(2)>0.949),stress-strain behavior(R^(2)>0.925),and volumetric strain changes(R^(2)>0.958)that highly agree with the numerical simulation results while saving over two orders of magnitude of computational time.This is a major advantage in computing the upscaled geomechanical properties directly from geological realizations without the need to perform local numerical simulations to obtain the geomechanical response.The proposed CNN proxybased upscaling technique has the ability to(1)bridge the gap between the fine-scale geocellular models considering geological uncertainties and computationally efficient geomechanical models used to assess the geomechanical risks of large-scale subsurface development,and(2)improve the efficiency of numerical upscaling techniques that rely on local numerical simulations,leading to significantly increased computational time for uncertainty quantification using numerous geological realizations.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China （Grant No 2005F20） and the Innovation Funds of the College of Science, Air Force University of Engineering, China （Grant No 2007B003）.
文摘In this paper the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of a quantum cellular neural network （QCNN） by coupling Josephson circuits was investigated and it was shown that the QCNN using only two of them can cause the onset of chaotic oscillation. The theoretical analysis and simulation for the two Josephson-circuits-coupled QCNN have been done by using the amplitude and phase as state variables. The complex chaotic behaviours can be observed and then proved by calculating Lyapunov exponents. The study provides valuable information about QCNNs for future application in high-parallel signal processing and novel chaotic generators.
文摘滚动轴承作为机械设备的重要部件,对其进行剩余使用寿命预测在企业的生产过程中变得越来越重要。目前,虽然主流的卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network, CNN)可以自动地从轴承的振动信号中提取特征,却不能给特征分配不同的权重来提高模型对重要特征的关注程度,对于长时间序列容易丢失重要信息。另外,神经网络中隐藏层神经元个数、学习率以及正则化参数等超参数还需要依靠人工经验设置。为了解决上述问题,提出基于灰狼优化(grey wolf optimizer, GWO)算法、优化集合CNN、双向长短期记忆(bidirectional long short term memory, BiLSTM)网络和注意力机制(Attention)轴承剩余使用寿命预测方法。首先,从原始振动信号中提取时域、频域以及时频域特征指标构建可选特征集;然后,通过构建考虑特征相关性、鲁棒性和单调性的综合评价指标筛选出高于设定阈值的轴承退化敏感特征集,作为预测模型的输入;最后,将预测值和真实值的均方误差作为GWO算法的适应度函数,优化预测模型获得最优隐藏层神经元个数、学习率和正则化参数,利用优化后模型进行剩余使用寿命预测,并在公开数据集上进行验证。结果表明,所提方法可在非经验指导下获得最优的超参数组合,优化后的预测模型与未进行优化模型相比,平均绝对误差与均方根误差分别降低了28.8%和24.3%。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61374003 41631072)the Academic Foundation of Naval University of Engineering(20161475)
文摘Both time-delays and anti-windup(AW)problems are conventional problems in system design,which are scarcely discussed in cellular neural networks(CNNs).This paper discusses stabilization for a class of distributed time-delayed CNNs with input saturation.Based on the Lyapunov theory and the Schur complement principle,a bilinear matrix inequality(BMI)criterion is designed to stabilize the system with input saturation.By matrix congruent transformation,the BMI control criterion can be changed into linear matrix inequality(LMI)criterion,then it can be easily solved by the computer.It is a one-step AW strategy that the feedback compensator and the AW compensator can be determined simultaneously.The attraction domain and its optimization are also discussed.The structure of CNNs with both constant timedelays and distribute time-delays is more general.This method is simple and systematic,allowing dealing with a large class of such systems whose excitation satisfies the Lipschitz condition.The simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52274159 received by E.Hu,https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/Grant No.52374165 received by E.Hu,https://www.nsfc.gov.cn/the China National Coal Group Key Technology Project Grant No.(20221CY001)received by Z.Guan,and E.Hu,https://www.chinacoal.com/.
文摘In the coal mining industry,the gangue separation phase imposes a key challenge due to the high visual similaritybetween coal and gangue.Recently,separation methods have become more intelligent and efficient,using newtechnologies and applying different features for recognition.One such method exploits the difference in substancedensity,leading to excellent coal/gangue recognition.Therefore,this study uses density differences to distinguishcoal from gangue by performing volume prediction on the samples.Our training samples maintain a record of3-side images as input,volume,and weight as the ground truth for the classification.The prediction process relieson a Convolutional neural network(CGVP-CNN)model that receives an input of a 3-side image and then extractsthe needed features to estimate an approximation for the volume.The classification was comparatively performedvia ten different classifiers,namely,K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Linear Support Vector Machines(Linear SVM),Radial Basis Function(RBF)SVM,Gaussian Process,Decision Tree,Random Forest,Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP),Adaptive Boosting(AdaBosst),Naive Bayes,and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis(QDA).After severalexperiments on testing and training data,results yield a classification accuracy of 100%,92%,95%,96%,100%,100%,100%,96%,81%,and 92%,respectively.The test reveals the best timing with KNN,which maintained anaccuracy level of 100%.Assessing themodel generalization capability to newdata is essential to ensure the efficiencyof the model,so by applying a cross-validation experiment,the model generalization was measured.The useddataset was isolated based on the volume values to ensure the model generalization not only on new images of thesame volume but with a volume outside the trained range.Then,the predicted volume values were passed to theclassifiers group,where classification reported accuracy was found to be(100%,100%,100%,98%,88%,87%,100%,87%,97%,100%),respectively.Although obtaining a classification with high accuracy is the main motive,this workhas a remarkable reduction in the data preprocessing time compared to related works.The CGVP-CNN modelmanaged to reduce the data preprocessing time of previous works to 0.017 s while maintaining high classificationaccuracy using the estimated volume value.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFA0608000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42030605)the High-Performance Computing of Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology for their support of this work。
文摘This study assesses the suitability of convolutional neural networks(CNNs) for downscaling precipitation over East Africa in the context of seasonal forecasting. To achieve this, we design a set of experiments that compare different CNN configurations and deployed the best-performing architecture to downscale one-month lead seasonal forecasts of June–July–August–September(JJAS) precipitation from the Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Climate Forecast System version 1.0(NUIST-CFS1.0) for 1982–2020. We also perform hyper-parameter optimization and introduce predictors over a larger area to include information about the main large-scale circulations that drive precipitation over the East Africa region, which improves the downscaling results. Finally, we validate the raw model and downscaled forecasts in terms of both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics, as well as their ability to reproduce the observed precipitation extreme and spell indicator indices. The results show that the CNN-based downscaling consistently improves the raw model forecasts, with lower bias and more accurate representations of the observed mean and extreme precipitation spatial patterns. Besides, CNN-based downscaling yields a much more accurate forecast of extreme and spell indicators and reduces the significant relative biases exhibited by the raw model predictions. Moreover, our results show that CNN-based downscaling yields better skill scores than the raw model forecasts over most portions of East Africa. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of CNN in downscaling seasonal precipitation predictions over East Africa,particularly in providing improved forecast products which are essential for end users.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant No.70871056)the Society Science Foundation from Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.08JA790057)the Advanced Talents'Foundation and Student's Foundation of Jiangsu University,China(Grant Nos.07JDG054 and 07A075)
文摘This paper concernes analysis for the global exponential stability of a class of recurrent neural networks with mixed discrete and distributed delays. It first proves the existence and uniqueness of the balance point, then by employing the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and Young inequality, it gives the sufficient condition of global exponential stability of cellular neural network with mixed discrete and distributed delays, in addition, the example is provided to illustrate the applicability of the result.
文摘This paper presents a new type of cellular automa ta (CA) model for the simulation of alternative land development using neural netw orks for urban planning. CA models can be regarded as a planning tool because th ey can generate alternative urban growth. Alternative development patterns can b e formed by using different sets of parameter values in CA simulation. A critica l issue is how to define parameter values for realistic and idealized simulation . This paper demonstrates that neural networks can simplify CA models but genera te more plausible results. The simulation is based on a simple three-layer netw ork with an output neuron to generate conversion probability. No transition rule s are required for the simulation. Parameter values are automatically obtained f rom the training of network by using satellite remote sensing data. Original tra ining data can be assessed and modified according to planning objectives. Altern ative urban patterns can be easily formulated by using the modified training dat a sets rather than changing the model.
