True triaxial rockburst experiments with four different unloading rates were performed on four prism specimens of granite sampled from Beishan, China. The damage evolution in the rockburst test was investigated from t...True triaxial rockburst experiments with four different unloading rates were performed on four prism specimens of granite sampled from Beishan, China. The damage evolution in the rockburst test was investigated from two aspects including fracture surface crack and fragment characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the micro crack information on fragment surface. Combing binarization and box counting dimensions, the fractal dimensions of cracks were obtained. Meanwhile,the fragments were collected and a sieving experiment was conducted. We weighed the fragments qualities, counted the amount of fragments and measured the fragments length, width and thickness.Utilizing four methods to calculate damage fractal dimensions of fragments, the trend of fractal value changing with unloading rates can be roughly described. It can be concluded from these experiments that the fractal dimension either for crack or for fragment holds a decreasing trend with the decreasing unloading rate, indicating a reduction of damage level.展开更多
Fractures running along a plane reflect the cracking progress.In this paper uniaxial and rockburst tests on a group of granite specimens from Sanya province are described.Scanning electron microscopic imaging was used...Fractures running along a plane reflect the cracking progress.In this paper uniaxial and rockburst tests on a group of granite specimens from Sanya province are described.Scanning electron microscopic imaging was used to characterize the fragments.Fractal fracture mechanics were used to analyze the microcracks in terms of both the crack type and the mineral constituent.A statistical analysis showed that the area of inter-granular cracking exceeds that of intra-granular cracking.Several types of crack were observed in the cracked areas.The percentage of intra-granular cracks in fragments from rockburst tests exceeds that from uniaxial compression tests.The results also showed that feldspar deformation was the main cause of fracture and that the consolidation along quartz grain boundaries was another weak area in the granite.Cracking along quartz grains had enough energy to enter the quartz crystal in the rockburst samples.All these results contribute to further research on rockburst mechanics.展开更多
The forest landscape has been highly fragmented in Donglingshan montane region, Beijing, China, where the folding degree of patch perimeters considerately influenced the spatial distribution of biological diversity, t...The forest landscape has been highly fragmented in Donglingshan montane region, Beijing, China, where the folding degree of patch perimeters considerately influenced the spatial distribution of biological diversity, therefore the quantitative description to it is very helpful to conservation biology studies. The fractal dimensions of landscape patch perimeters of this region were estimated and compared. The results showed that fractal dimensions of all the landscape types were between 1.00 and 1.58. The fractal dimensions of natural vegetation types were higher than that of artificial vegetation type. Where forests (1 21) and shrubs (1.24) are near to farmland (1.12), so they were both highly disturbed by human activities regarding the smallest mean patch areas. But the grassland (1.58) had the largest mean patch area, its disturbance intensity was the lowest in this region. The fractal dimension of the overall landscape was 1.24, which was near to those of forests and shrubs, and obviously different from those of farmland and grassland. The fractal dimension of the overall landscape was 1.13 in small scales, and that was 1.65 in large scales. Which means that a large number of small area patches had regular perimeters, their fragment degrees were higher; whereas the large area patches had folding perimeters, their fragment degrees were lower, they had smaller patch numbers, however occupied most of the landscape area. Large areas and highly folded perimeters were the main property of the landscape patch in Donglingshan montane region.展开更多
By atomic force, microscopy studied the morphology of the surface of the scale of the Caspian Kutum. Analysis of the structure of channels of sensory systems showed that the nanostructures are not only fractal, but al...By atomic force, microscopy studied the morphology of the surface of the scale of the Caspian Kutum. Analysis of the structure of channels of sensory systems showed that the nanostructures are not only fractal, but also self-similar. Fractal trajectories originate from the primary nucleus and extend to the sprawling low-density structure radically outwards scales like Lichtenberg figures. However, in contrast to the figures, Lichtenberg fractal band scales of fish each year are surrounded by concentric threads. The most likely mechanism for the formation of structural self-organization on the surface of the scales can be a model Witten-Sander.展开更多
We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometr...We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometry with nanometer spatial resolution. Experimental data present fluorescence of many ten thousands of cells, from different parts of body in each population, in various blood samples. Data is presented in histograms as frequency distributions of flashes in the dependence on their intensity. Normalized frequency distribution of information in these histograms is used as probabilistic measure for definition of Shannon entropy. Data analysis shows that for this measure of Shannon entropy common sum of entropy, i.e. total entropy E, for any histogram is invariant and has identical trends of changes all values of E (r) = lnr at reduction of rank r of histogram. This invariance reflects informational homeostasis of chromosomes activity inside cells in multi-scale networks of entropy, for varied ranks r. Shannon entropy in multi-scale DNA networks has much more dense packing of correlations than in “small world” networks. As the rule, networks of entropy differ by the mix of normal D 2 and abnormal D > 2 fractal dimensions for varied ranks r, the new types of fractal patterns and hinges for various topology (fractal dimension) at different states of health. We show that all distributions of information entropy are divided on three classes, which associated in diagnostics with a good health or dominants of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. This classification based on switching of stability at transcritical bifurcation in homeostasis regulation. We defined many ways for homeostasis regulation, coincidences and switching patterns in branching sequences, the averages of Hölder for deviations of entropy from homeostasis at different states of health, with various saturation levels the noises of entropy at activity of all chromosomes in support regulation of homeostasis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (No. 2010CB226800)the Innovation Team Development Program of the Ministry of Education (No. IRT0656)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2010YL14)
文摘True triaxial rockburst experiments with four different unloading rates were performed on four prism specimens of granite sampled from Beishan, China. The damage evolution in the rockburst test was investigated from two aspects including fracture surface crack and fragment characteristics. The scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the micro crack information on fragment surface. Combing binarization and box counting dimensions, the fractal dimensions of cracks were obtained. Meanwhile,the fragments were collected and a sieving experiment was conducted. We weighed the fragments qualities, counted the amount of fragments and measured the fragments length, width and thickness.Utilizing four methods to calculate damage fractal dimensions of fragments, the trend of fractal value changing with unloading rates can be roughly described. It can be concluded from these experiments that the fractal dimension either for crack or for fragment holds a decreasing trend with the decreasing unloading rate, indicating a reduction of damage level.
基金the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2006CB202200)the Creative Team Development Project of the Ministry of Education of China (No.IRT0656)
文摘Fractures running along a plane reflect the cracking progress.In this paper uniaxial and rockburst tests on a group of granite specimens from Sanya province are described.Scanning electron microscopic imaging was used to characterize the fragments.Fractal fracture mechanics were used to analyze the microcracks in terms of both the crack type and the mineral constituent.A statistical analysis showed that the area of inter-granular cracking exceeds that of intra-granular cracking.Several types of crack were observed in the cracked areas.The percentage of intra-granular cracks in fragments from rockburst tests exceeds that from uniaxial compression tests.The results also showed that feldspar deformation was the main cause of fracture and that the consolidation along quartz grain boundaries was another weak area in the granite.Cracking along quartz grains had enough energy to enter the quartz crystal in the rockburst samples.All these results contribute to further research on rockburst mechanics.
文摘The forest landscape has been highly fragmented in Donglingshan montane region, Beijing, China, where the folding degree of patch perimeters considerately influenced the spatial distribution of biological diversity, therefore the quantitative description to it is very helpful to conservation biology studies. The fractal dimensions of landscape patch perimeters of this region were estimated and compared. The results showed that fractal dimensions of all the landscape types were between 1.00 and 1.58. The fractal dimensions of natural vegetation types were higher than that of artificial vegetation type. Where forests (1 21) and shrubs (1.24) are near to farmland (1.12), so they were both highly disturbed by human activities regarding the smallest mean patch areas. But the grassland (1.58) had the largest mean patch area, its disturbance intensity was the lowest in this region. The fractal dimension of the overall landscape was 1.24, which was near to those of forests and shrubs, and obviously different from those of farmland and grassland. The fractal dimension of the overall landscape was 1.13 in small scales, and that was 1.65 in large scales. Which means that a large number of small area patches had regular perimeters, their fragment degrees were higher; whereas the large area patches had folding perimeters, their fragment degrees were lower, they had smaller patch numbers, however occupied most of the landscape area. Large areas and highly folded perimeters were the main property of the landscape patch in Donglingshan montane region.
文摘By atomic force, microscopy studied the morphology of the surface of the scale of the Caspian Kutum. Analysis of the structure of channels of sensory systems showed that the nanostructures are not only fractal, but also self-similar. Fractal trajectories originate from the primary nucleus and extend to the sprawling low-density structure radically outwards scales like Lichtenberg figures. However, in contrast to the figures, Lichtenberg fractal band scales of fish each year are surrounded by concentric threads. The most likely mechanism for the formation of structural self-organization on the surface of the scales can be a model Witten-Sander.
文摘We analyze correlations and patterns of oxidative activity of 3D DNA at DNA fluorescence in complete sets of chromosomes in neutrophils of peripheral blood. Fluorescence of DNA is registered by method of flow cytometry with nanometer spatial resolution. Experimental data present fluorescence of many ten thousands of cells, from different parts of body in each population, in various blood samples. Data is presented in histograms as frequency distributions of flashes in the dependence on their intensity. Normalized frequency distribution of information in these histograms is used as probabilistic measure for definition of Shannon entropy. Data analysis shows that for this measure of Shannon entropy common sum of entropy, i.e. total entropy E, for any histogram is invariant and has identical trends of changes all values of E (r) = lnr at reduction of rank r of histogram. This invariance reflects informational homeostasis of chromosomes activity inside cells in multi-scale networks of entropy, for varied ranks r. Shannon entropy in multi-scale DNA networks has much more dense packing of correlations than in “small world” networks. As the rule, networks of entropy differ by the mix of normal D 2 and abnormal D > 2 fractal dimensions for varied ranks r, the new types of fractal patterns and hinges for various topology (fractal dimension) at different states of health. We show that all distributions of information entropy are divided on three classes, which associated in diagnostics with a good health or dominants of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. This classification based on switching of stability at transcritical bifurcation in homeostasis regulation. We defined many ways for homeostasis regulation, coincidences and switching patterns in branching sequences, the averages of Hölder for deviations of entropy from homeostasis at different states of health, with various saturation levels the noises of entropy at activity of all chromosomes in support regulation of homeostasis.
